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Santé et Maladie - Maladies et Problèmes Mentaux

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies mentales et problèmes tels que "anxiété", "schizophrénie" et "trauma".

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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

TDAH

TDAH

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

anorexie mentale

anorexie mentale

anxiety
anxiety
[nom]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

angoisse, troubles de l'anxiété

angoisse, troubles de l'anxiété

Ex: Cognitive behavioral therapy helps patients reframe anxiety-inducing thoughts. 

La thérapie cognitivo-comportementale aide les patients à recadrer les pensées induisant l'anxiété.

battle fatigue

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

stress du combattant

stress du combattant

bipolar disorder

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

trouble bipolaire, trouble affectif bipolaire

trouble bipolaire, trouble affectif bipolaire

Ex: Individuals with bipolar disorder may experience manic episodes marked by increased energy, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, followed by depressive episodes with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities. 

Les personnes atteintes de trouble bipolaire peuvent connaître des épisodes maniaques marqués par une énergie accrue, des pensées rapides et un comportement impulsif, suivis d'épisodes dépressifs avec des sentiments de tristesse, de désespoir et une perte d'intérêt pour les activités.

borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

personnalité limite

personnalité limite

Ex: Individuals with borderline personality disorder may experience sudden mood swings, chronic feelings of emptiness, and a fear of abandonment. 

Les personnes atteintes de trouble de la personnalité limite peuvent connaître des sautes d'humeur soudaines, des sentiments chroniques de vide et une peur de l'abandon.

breakdown

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

dépression (nerveuse)

dépression (nerveuse)

Ex: The pressures of caregiving for her ailing parents caused her to have a mental breakdown. 

Les pressions liées à la prise en charge de ses parents malades ont provoqué chez elle une dépression nerveuse.

bulimia
bulimia
[nom]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

boulimie

boulimie

exhibitionism

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

exhibitionnisme

exhibitionnisme

gender dysphoria

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

dysphorie de genre

dysphorie de genre

hyperactivity

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hyperactivité

hyperactivité

hypochondria

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hypocondrie

hypocondrie

Ex: Individuals with hypochondria may constantly check their bodies for signs of illness, research medical conditions online, and seek reassurance from doctors, friends, or family members about their health. 

Les personnes atteintes d'hypocondrie peuvent constamment vérifier leur corps pour détecter des signes de maladie, rechercher des conditions médicales en ligne et chercher à se rassurer auprès de médecins, d'amis ou de membres de leur famille concernant leur santé.

kleptomania

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

kleptomanie, cleptomanie

kleptomanie, cleptomanie

Ex: Individuals with kleptomania may experience a sense of tension or excitement before stealing and relief or gratification afterward, despite feelings of guilt or remorse. 

Les individus atteints de kleptomanie peuvent ressentir une sensation de tension ou d'excitation avant de voler et un soulagement ou une gratification par la suite, malgré des sentiments de culpabilité ou de remords.

manic depression

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

trouble bipolaire, trouble affectif bipolaire

trouble bipolaire, trouble affectif bipolaire

megalomania

a psychological condition or personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of power, importance, or self-worth

mégalomanie

mégalomanie

Ex: Her megalomania was evident in the way she dismissed everyone else's ideas. 

Mégalomanie était évidente dans la façon dont elle rejetait les idées de tout le monde.

melancholia

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

mélancolie

mélancolie

catatonia

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

catatonie

catatonie

depression

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

dépression

dépression

Ex: She sought help to manage her depression and anxiety. 

Elle a cherché de l'aide pour gérer sa dépression et son anxiété.

psychopathy

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

psychopathie

psychopathie

psychosis

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psychosis

psychosis

Ex: Individuals experiencing psychosis may hear voices or see things that are not present, making it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not. 

Les individus souffrant de psychose peuvent entendre des voix ou voir des choses qui ne sont pas présentes, ce qui rend difficile la distinction entre ce qui est réel et ce qui ne l'est pas.

psychosomatic disorder

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

troubles psychosomatiques

troubles psychosomatiques

Ex: Individuals with a psychosomatic disorder may experience symptoms such as headaches, stomach pain, or fatigue that have no apparent medical cause. 

Les personnes atteintes d'un trouble psychosomatique peuvent présenter des symptômes tels que des maux de tête, des douleurs à l'estomac ou une fatigue sans cause médicale apparente.

pyromania

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

pyromanie

pyromanie

schizophrenia

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

schizophrénie

schizophrénie

‌seasonal affective disorder

a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

dépression saisonnière

dépression saisonnière

sociopathic personality

an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

trouble de la personnalité antisociale

trouble de la personnalité antisociale

inferiority complex

an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

complexe d'infériorité

complexe d'infériorité

instability

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

instabilité

instabilité

delirium

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

délire

délire

Ex: The crowd’s delirium at the festival created a chaotic but joyful atmosphere. 

Le délire de la foule au festival a créé une atmosphère chaotique mais joyeuse.

complex
complex
[nom]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

complexe

complexe

Ex: The therapist helped her understand the complex driving her anxiety. 

Le thérapeute l'a aidée à comprendre le complexe à l'origine de son anxiété.

mental disorder

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

désordre mental, trouble mental

désordre mental, trouble mental

monomania

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

monomanie

monomanie

Ex: While passion can drive success, there's a fine line before it turns into monomania, clouding judgment and balance. 

Bien que la passion puisse conduire au succès, il y a une fine ligne avant qu'elle ne se transforme en monomanie, obscurcissant le jugement et l'équilibre.

nervous breakdown

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

dépression nerveuse, crise de nerfs

dépression nerveuse, crise de nerfs

neurosis

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

névrose

névrose

Ex: People with neurosis may experience excessive worry and stress over minor issues, affecting their overall quality of life. 

Les personnes souffrant de névrose peuvent éprouver une inquiétude et un stress excessifs face à des problèmes mineurs, affectant leur qualité de vie globale.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

TOC

TOC

Ex: Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder may feel compelled to perform rituals, such as excessive hand-washing or checking locks, to prevent perceived harm. 

Les personnes atteintes de trouble obsessionnel-compulsif peuvent se sentir obligées d'effectuer des rituels, comme se laver excessivement les mains ou vérifier les serrures, pour éviter un préjudice perçu.

orthorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

orthorexie

orthorexie

paranoia

an unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you

paranoïa

paranoïa

Ex: Stress increased her feelings of paranoia. 

Le stress a accru ses sentiments de paranoïa.

persecution complex

a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

délire de persécution

délire de persécution

personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

trouble de la personnalité

trouble de la personnalité

postpartum depression

a mental health condition causing sadness, anxiety, or low mood after a woman gives birth

dépression post-partum

dépression post-partum

Ex: Doctors can treat postpartum depression with therapy and support. 

Les médecins peuvent traiter la dépression post-partum avec une thérapie et un soutien.

post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

ESPT

ESPT

Ex: Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the traumatic event. 

Les symptômes du trouble de stress post-traumatique comprennent des flashbacks, des cauchemars, une anxiété sévère et des pensées incontrôlables sur l'événement traumatique.

trauma
trauma
[nom]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

traumatisme

traumatisme

Ex: Combat veterans often experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of their wartime trauma. 

Les anciens combattants souffrent souvent de trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) à la suite de leur traumatisme de guerre.

shell shock

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

psychose traumatique

psychose traumatique

eating disorder

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

troubles de l’alimentation, troubles alimentaires

troubles de l’alimentation, troubles alimentaires

egomania

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

manie égocentrique

manie égocentrique

delusion

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

délire

délire

dementia

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

démence

démence

Ex: Dementia can lead to confusion and difficulty recognizing family members. 

La démence peut entraîner de la confusion et des difficultés à reconnaître les membres de la famille.

generalized anxiety disorder

a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

trouble anxieux généralisé

trouble anxieux généralisé

Ex: Individuals with generalized anxiety disorder may experience physical symptoms like muscle tension and restlessness. 

Les personnes souffrant de trouble d'anxiété généralisée peuvent éprouver des symptômes physiques comme des tensions musculaires et de l'agitation.

mania
mania
[nom]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

manie

manie

munchausen syndrome

a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

syndrome de Münchhausen, trouble factice

syndrome de Münchhausen, trouble factice

Ex: Detecting Munchausen syndrome can be challenging due to the deceptive nature of the individual's behavior. 

Détecter le syndrome de Munchausen peut être difficile en raison de la nature trompeuse du comportement de l'individu.

schizoid

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

schizoïde, personnalité schizoïde

schizoïde, personnalité schizoïde

Ex: Jake finds support in a group for individuals with schizoid who share similar challenges. 

Jake trouve du soutien dans un groupe pour les individus atteints de schizoïdie qui partagent des défis similaires.

amnesia
amnesia
[nom]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnésie

amnésie

Ex: The neurologist explained that his amnesia made it hard to learn new names, though long‑term memories remained intact. 

Le neurologue a expliqué que son amnésie rendait difficile l'apprentissage de nouveaux noms, bien que les souvenirs à long terme soient restés intacts.

senile dementia

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

démence sénile

démence sénile

Asperger's syndrome

a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

syndrome d'Asperger, autisme de haut niveau

syndrome d'Asperger, autisme de haut niveau

Ex: Therapy and social skills training are often beneficial for those with Asperger's syndrome. 

La thérapie et la formation aux compétences sociales sont souvent bénéfiques pour les personnes atteintes du syndrome d'Asperger.

bigorexia

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

bigorexie, dysmorphie musculaire

bigorexie, dysmorphie musculaire

body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

dysmorphophobie, trouble dysmorphique corporel

dysmorphophobie, trouble dysmorphique corporel

Ex: People with body dysmorphic disorder may spend hours each day checking their appearance in mirrors, seeking reassurance, or trying to hide their perceived imperfections. 

Les personnes atteintes de trouble dysmorphique corporel peuvent passer des heures chaque jour à vérifier leur apparence dans les miroirs, à chercher des réassurances ou à essayer de cacher leurs imperfections perçues.

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