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健康と病気 - 精神疾患と問題

ここでは、"不安"、"統合失調症"、"トラウマ"などの精神疾患や問題に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

注意欠陥・多動性障害, ADHD

注意欠陥・多動性障害, ADHD

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

神経性無食欲症, 拒食症

神経性無食欲症, 拒食症

anxiety
[名詞]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

不安, 不安障害

不安, 不安障害

Ex: Physical symptoms of anxiety include rapid heartbeat and sweating .**不安**の身体的症状には、心拍数の増加や発汗が含まれます。

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

戦闘疲労, 心的外傷後ストレス障害

戦闘疲労, 心的外傷後ストレス障害

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

双極性障害, 躁うつ病

双極性障害, 躁うつ病

Ex: Support from friends , family , and mental health professionals is essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to effectively manage their condition and improve their quality of life .友人、家族、メンタルヘルスの専門家からのサポートは、**双極性障害**を持つ人々が自分の状態を効果的に管理し、生活の質を向上させるために不可欠です。

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

境界性人格障害, ボーダーライン人格障害

境界性人格障害, ボーダーライン人格障害

Ex: With appropriate therapy and support , individuals with borderline personality disorder can learn to manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life .適切な治療とサポートにより、**境界性パーソナリティ障害**のある人は症状を管理し、全体的な生活の質を向上させることを学ぶことができます。
breakdown
[名詞]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

神経衰弱, 神経崩壊

神経衰弱, 神経崩壊

Ex: The intense academic pressure during finals week caused several students to suffer breakdowns.期末試験週間の激しい学業的プレッシャーにより、数人の学生が**神経衰弱**に苦しんだ。
bulimia
[名詞]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

過食症, 神経性大食症

過食症, 神経性大食症

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

露出症, 性的露出

露出症, 性的露出

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

性別違和, 性的違和

性別違和, 性的違和

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

多動性, 過活動

多動性, 過活動

hypochondria
[名詞]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

心気症, 健康不安

心気症, 健康不安

Ex: Support from mental health professionals , as well as education about the nature of hypochondria and its treatment options , can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life .精神保健専門家からのサポート、および**心気症**の性質とその治療オプションに関する教育は、この状態にある人々が症状を管理し、生活の質を向上させるのに役立ちます。
kleptomania
[名詞]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

窃盗症, クレプトマニア

窃盗症, クレプトマニア

Ex: Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals with kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors .精神保健の専門家やサポートグループからの支援は、**クレプトマニア**を持つ人々が対処戦略を学び、窃盗行為への再発を防ぐのに役立つことがあります。

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

双極性障害, 躁うつ病

双極性障害, 躁うつ病

megalomania
[名詞]

a mental condition in which a person believes themselves to be more powerful and important than they actually are

誇大妄想, メガロマニア

誇大妄想, メガロマニア

melancholia
[名詞]

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

憂鬱

憂鬱

catatonia
[名詞]

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

緊張病, カタトニー状態

緊張病, カタトニー状態

depression
[名詞]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

うつ病, 憂鬱

うつ病, 憂鬱

Ex: He spoke openly about his struggles with depression, hoping to help others .彼は**うつ病**との闘いについて率直に話し、他の人々を助けたいと願っていました。
psychopathy
[名詞]

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

精神病質, 精神病質障害

精神病質, 精神病質障害

psychosis
[名詞]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

精神病, 精神病状態

精神病, 精神病状態

Ex: Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders , including schizophrenia , bipolar disorder , and severe depression .**精神病**は、統合失調症、双極性障害、重度のうつ病など、さまざまな精神疾患の症状である可能性があります。

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

心身症, 精神身体症

心身症, 精神身体症

Ex: Understanding the connection between psychological factors and physical symptoms is crucial for effectively managing psychosomatic disorders and improving overall well-being .心理的要因と身体的症状との関係を理解することは、**心身症**を効果的に管理し、全体的な健康を改善するために重要です。
pyromania
[名詞]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

放火癖, 火をつけることへの強迫観念

放火癖, 火をつけることへの強迫観念

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

統合失調症

統合失調症

a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

季節性情動障害, 季節性うつ病

季節性情動障害, 季節性うつ病

an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

ソシオパシー人格, 反社会的人格障害

ソシオパシー人格, 反社会的人格障害

an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

劣等感, 劣等コンプレックス

劣等感, 劣等コンプレックス

instability
[名詞]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

不安定

不安定

delirium
[名詞]

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

せん妄, 興奮

せん妄, 興奮

Ex: The sports arena was a scene of delirium as the final whistle blew .最終ホイッスルが鳴ったとき、スポーツアリーナは**興奮**の場面だった。
complex
[名詞]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

コンプレックス, 抑圧された感情の集まり

コンプレックス, 抑圧された感情の集まり

Ex: She struggled with a complex that caused her to avoid confrontation .彼女は対立を避けるようになった**コンプレックス**と闘った。

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

精神障害, 精神病

精神障害, 精神病

monomania
[名詞]

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

単一狂, 過度の執着

単一狂, 過度の執着

Ex: The novelist , known for his deep dives into subjects , was sometimes criticized for his apparent monomania on specific themes .その小説家は、主題への深い没頭で知られていたが、特定のテーマに対する明らかな**偏執病**のために時々批判された。

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

神経衰弱, 神経症

神経衰弱, 神経症

neurosis
[名詞]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

神経症, 神経症的障害

神経症, 神経症的障害

Ex: Symptoms of neurosis can include persistent feelings of sadness , irritability , and fear , often without a clear or rational cause .**神経症**の症状には、しばしば明確または合理的な原因なしに、持続的な悲しみ、イライラ、恐怖の感情が含まれることがあります。

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

強迫性障害, OCD

強迫性障害, OCD

Ex: Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( SSRIs ) can help manage symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder by altering brain chemistry to reduce obsessive thoughts and compulsions .選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害薬(SSRI)などの薬物は、脳の化学を変化させて強迫観念や強迫行為を減らすことで、**強迫性障害**の症状を管理するのに役立ちます。

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

神経性オルトレキシア, 健康食強迫症

神経性オルトレキシア, 健康食強迫症

paranoia
[名詞]

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

パラノイア

パラノイア

a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

迫害コンプレックス, 迫害妄想

迫害コンプレックス, 迫害妄想

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

人格障害, 性格障害

人格障害, 性格障害

a mental condition in which a woman is depressed and anxious for a period of time after giving birth to a child

産後うつ病

産後うつ病

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

心的外傷後ストレス障害

心的外傷後ストレス障害

Ex: Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life .**心的外傷後ストレス障害**を持つ人々にとって、早期の介入とサポートは非常に重要です。適切な時期の治療は、結果と生活の質を大幅に改善することができるからです。
trauma
[名詞]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

トラウマ, 感情的なショック

トラウマ, 感情的なショック

Ex: Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear .自然災害を目撃することは、生存者に長続きする**トラウマ**と恐怖を残す可能性があります。
shell shock
[名詞]

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

外傷性ショック, 戦争神経症

外傷性ショック, 戦争神経症

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

摂食障害, 食行動障害

摂食障害, 食行動障害

egomania
[名詞]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

自己愛性人格障害,  誇大妄想

自己愛性人格障害, 誇大妄想

delusion
[名詞]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

妄想,  幻想

妄想, 幻想

dementia
[名詞]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

認知症, 認知障害

認知症, 認知障害

Ex: Alzheimer 's disease is a common form of dementia.アルツハイマー病は**認知症**の一般的な形態です。

a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

全般性不安障害

全般性不安障害

Ex: The persistent nature of generalized anxiety disorder can lead to fatigue and difficulty concentrating .**全般性不安障害**の持続的な性質は、疲労や集中困難を引き起こす可能性があります。
mania
[名詞]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

躁病

躁病

a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

ミュンヒハウゼン症候群, 作為性障害

ミュンヒハウゼン症候群, 作為性障害

Ex: Treatment for Munchausen syndrome may involve psychotherapy to address underlying psychological issues .**ミュンヒハウゼン症候群**の治療には、根底にある心理的問題に対処するための心理療法が含まれる場合があります。
schizoid
[名詞]

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

スキゾイド, スキゾイド人格

スキゾイド, スキゾイド人格

Ex: Laura 's independence and preference for solitude align with the features of schizoid.ローラの独立心と孤独を好む傾向は、**シゾイド**の特徴と一致しています。
amnesia
[名詞]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

健忘症

健忘症

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

老年性認知症, 老人性痴呆

老年性認知症, 老人性痴呆

a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

アスペルガー症候群, 高機能自閉症

アスペルガー症候群, 高機能自閉症

Ex: John's straightforward communication style is influenced by his Asperger's syndrome.ジョンの率直なコミュニケーションスタイルは、彼の**アスペルガー症候群**の影響を受けています。
bigorexia
[名詞]

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

ビゴレクシア, 筋醜形恐怖症

ビゴレクシア, 筋醜形恐怖症

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

身体醜形障害, ボディ・ディスモーフィック・ディスオーダー

身体醜形障害, ボディ・ディスモーフィック・ディスオーダー

Ex: Early diagnosis and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder are essential to prevent the condition from severely impacting an individual 's quality of life and mental health .**身体醜形障害**の早期診断と治療は、その状態が個人の生活の質と精神衛生に深刻な影響を与えるのを防ぐために不可欠です。
健康と病気
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