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Salud y Enfermedad - Enfermedades y Problemas Mentales

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con enfermedades y problemas mentales como "ansiedad", "esquizofrenia" y "trauma".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

a condition, experienced mostly by children, making them seem restless, unable to keep focus, and act impulsively

TDAH

TDAH

anorexia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
[Sustantivo]

an eating disorder, particularly in women, marked by body image disturbance and obsessive fear of becoming fat, which leads to dangerous weight loss

anorexia nerviosa

anorexia nerviosa

anxiety
anxiety
[Sustantivo]

(psychiatry) a mental disorder of constant nervousness and worry, in which one expects something bad to happen with no valid reason

ansiedad

ansiedad

Ex: Generalized anxiety disorder involves chronic worry about everyday situations. 
battle fatigue
battle fatigue
[Sustantivo]

a post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to active warfare

fatiga de combate

fatiga de combate

bipolar disorder
bipolar disorder
[Sustantivo]

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

trastorno bipolar

trastorno bipolar

Ex: Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include periods of mania (elevated mood) and depression (low mood). 
borderline personality disorder

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

trastorno límite de la personalidad

trastorno límite de la personalidad

Ex: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by intense and unstable relationships, emotions, and self-image. 
breakdown
breakdown
[Sustantivo]

a condition in which a person becomes so anxious or depressed that they can no longer handle their everyday life

crisis nerviosa

crisis nerviosa

Ex: After months of stress at work, he experienced a nervous breakdown and had to take a leave of absence. 
bulimia
bulimia
[Sustantivo]

a mental illness which causes a person to eat too much and then forces themselves to vomit to maintain their weight

bulimia

bulimia

exhibitionism
exhibitionism
[Sustantivo]

compulsive display of one's genitals for the purpose of sexual gratification

exhibicionismo

exhibicionismo

gender dysphoria
gender dysphoria
[Sustantivo]

the condition in which a person is overwhelmed by distress or impairment due to a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity

disforia de género

disforia de género

hyperactivity
hyperactivity
[Sustantivo]

a state where a person is unusually active, is unable to stay focused or quiet for long, experienced mostly by children

hiperactividad

hiperactividad

hypochondria
hypochondria
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

hipocondría

hipocondría

Ex: Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and fear about having a serious medical illness, despite no or minimal evidence of actual illness. 
kleptomania
kleptomania
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

cleptomanía

cleptomanía

Ex: Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by a recurrent urge to steal items that are not needed for personal use or monetary gain. 
manic depression
manic depression
[Sustantivo]

a chronic mental disorder marked by excessive mood swings ranging from depressive lows to crazed highs

enfermedad maníaco-depresiva

enfermedad maníaco-depresiva

megalomania
megalomania
[Sustantivo]

a psychological condition or personality trait characterized by an inflated sense of power, importance, or self-worth

megalomanía

megalomanía

Ex: The dictator's megalomania led him to believe he was destined to rule the world. 
melancholia
melancholia
[Sustantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient suffers from depression often without any apparent reason

melancolía

melancolía

catatonia
catatonia
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition usually associated with schizophrenia in which the patient does not move for long time spans

catatonia

catatonia

depression
depression
[Sustantivo]

a state characterized by constant feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of enegry or interest in activities

depresión

depresión

Ex: After the breakup, he fell into a deep depression. 
psychopathy
psychopathy
[Sustantivo]

a serious mental disorder associated with antisocial behavior, irresponsibility, and absence of empathy

psicopatía

psicopatía

psychosis
psychosis
[Sustantivo]

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

psicosis

psicosis

Ex: Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a loss of contact with reality, often manifesting as hallucinations or delusions. 
psychosomatic disorder

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

trastorno psicosomático

trastorno psicosomático

Ex: A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress. 
pyromania
pyromania
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with setting things on fire

piromanía

piromanía

schizophrenia
schizophrenia
[Sustantivo]

a chronic mental disorder in which a person's ability to think, feel or behave is affected, often associated with the distortion of reality

esquizofrenia

esquizofrenia

‌seasonal affective disorder

a medical condition in which one is depressed in fall and winter, particularly due to lack of sunlight

trastorno afectivo estacional

trastorno afectivo estacional

sociopathic personality

an antisocial personality disorder characterized by lack of sympathy and moral responsibility

personalidad sociópata

personalidad sociópata

inferiority complex

an unrealistic feeling of general inadequacy that causes one to believe they are not as competent, smart, or attractive as other people

complejo de inferioridad

complejo de inferioridad

instability
instability
[Sustantivo]

tendency to unpredictable changes of mood or to behave erratically

inestabilidad

inestabilidad

delirium
delirium
[Sustantivo]

a state of intense, uncontrolled enthusiasm or excitement that makes one say or do crazy things

delirio, desvarío

delirio, desvarío

Ex: Her delirium over the concert's surprise guest led to spontaneous dancing. 
complex
complex
[Sustantivo]

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

complejo

complejo

Ex: His fear of failure was linked to a complex developed in childhood. 
mental disorder
mental disorder
[Sustantivo]

a severe health condition associated with depression, emotional disturbances, and abnormal behaviors that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning

enfermedad mental

enfermedad mental

monomania
monomania
[Sustantivo]

an excessive and unhealthy obsession with a singular subject or idea to an extent that it becomes overwhelming and harmful

monomanía

monomanía

Ex: His friends grew concerned when his love for vintage cars evolved into a clear monomania, causing him to neglect other aspects of his life. 
nervous breakdown
nervous breakdown
[Sustantivo]

a period of overwhelming mental or emotional distress that occurs suddenly

crisis nerviosa

crisis nerviosa

neurosis
neurosis
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

neurosis

neurosis

Ex: Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning. 
obsessive-compulsive disorder

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

TOC

TOC

Ex: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. 
orthorexia nervosa
orthorexia nervosa
[Sustantivo]

an eating disorder characterized by refraining from eating food that is considered unhealthy at all cost

ortorexia, ortorexia nerviosa

ortorexia, ortorexia nerviosa

paranoia
paranoia
[Sustantivo]

an unreasonable and persistent fear that others want to harm you

paranoia

paranoia

Ex: He suffered from paranoia and trusted no one. 
persecution complex

a mental condition in which a person constantly thinks others are trying to hurt them

delirio de persecución

delirio de persecución

personality disorder

any mental illness characterized by different patterns of social behavior, inability to form healthy interpersonal relationships and to function normally in society

trastorno de personalidad

trastorno de personalidad

postpartum depression

a mental health condition causing sadness, anxiety, or low mood after a woman gives birth

depresión posparto

depresión posparto

Ex: She sought help for postpartum depression after her baby was born. 
post-traumatic stress disorder

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

TEPT

TEPT

Ex: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event, such as combat, a natural disaster, or a serious accident. 
trauma
trauma
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

trauma

trauma

Ex: She sought therapy to help her cope with the emotional trauma from the car accident. 
shell shock
shell shock
[Sustantivo]

a type of stress-related disorder affecting some soldiers who have served in wars

neurosis de guerra

neurosis de guerra

eating disorder
eating disorder
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that causes a person to eat too much or too little

desorden alimentario

desorden alimentario

egomania
egomania
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition in which one is abnormally self-centered and self-interested

egomanía

egomanía

delusion
delusion
[Sustantivo]

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

delirio

delirio

dementia
dementia
[Sustantivo]

a mental condition that happens when the brain is damaged by disease or injury, causing memory loss and impairing the ability to think or make decisions

demencia

demencia

Ex: His grandmother was diagnosed with dementia and had trouble remembering simple tasks. 
generalized anxiety disorder

a chronic condition marked by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of life, often without a specific cause

trastorno de ansiedad generalizada

trastorno de ansiedad generalizada

Ex: Sarah's generalized anxiety disorder manifests as constant worry and fear, impacting her daily life. 
mania
mania
[Sustantivo]

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

manía

manía

munchausen syndrome

a disorder where individuals feign or induce symptoms to garner attention or sympathy, often leading to unnecessary medical interventions

síndrome de Münchhausen, trastorno facticio

síndrome de Münchhausen, trastorno facticio

Ex: Munchausen syndrome involves a pattern of seeking medical attention through deceptive means, such as faking illnesses. 
schizoid
schizoid
[Sustantivo]

a personality disorder marked by emotional detachment and a preference for solitude

esquizoide, personalidad esquizoide

esquizoide, personalidad esquizoide

Ex: reg's difficulty expressing emotions is a manifestation of schizoid. 
amnesia
amnesia
[Sustantivo]

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

amnesia

amnesia

Ex: After the car accident she experienced temporary amnesia and could not remember the afternoon before the crash. 
senile dementia
senile dementia
[Sustantivo]

a severe condition that mainly affects older people's minds and causes memory loss, involuntary movements, etc.

demencia senil

demencia senil

Asperger's syndrome

a form of autism characterized by social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and focused interests, often with average to above-average intelligence

síndrome de Asperger, autismo de alto funcionamiento

síndrome de Asperger, autismo de alto funcionamiento

Ex: Mark, diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, excels in academics but struggles with social cues. 
bigorexia
bigorexia
[Sustantivo]

a disorder where individuals become excessively obsessed with building muscle mass and have a distorted perception of their own body image, leading to compulsive exercise behaviors

vigorexia, dismorfia muscular

vigorexia, dismorfia muscular

body dysmorphic disorder

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

TDC

TDC

Ex: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where individuals obsess over perceived flaws in their appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others. 
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