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Vocabolario per IELTS (Accademico) - Biologia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla biologia, come "ciclo", "gene", "fertile", ecc. che sono necessarie per l'esame IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
biology
[sostantivo]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologia

biologia

Ex: Understanding biology is crucial for addressing environmental and health-related challenges .Comprendere la **biologia** è cruciale per affrontare le sfide ambientali e legate alla salute.
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biologist
[sostantivo]

(biology) a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

biologist

biologist

Ex: The biologist worked in the lab to conduct experiments on how certain bacteria affect the human immune system .Il **biologo** ha lavorato in laboratorio per condurre esperimenti su come alcuni batteri influenzano il sistema immunitario umano.
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cycle
[sostantivo]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

ciclo

ciclo

Ex: The butterfly’s life cycle includes stages from egg to caterpillar to adult.Il **ciclo** vitale della farfalla include fasi dall'uovo al bruco fino all'adulto.
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to divide
[Verbo]

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

dividere

dividere

Ex: The politician ’s speech divided public opinion on the issue .Il discorso del politico ha **diviso** l'opinione pubblica sulla questione.
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bacteria
[sostantivo]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

batteri

batteri

Ex: Proper handwashing helps prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses .Un corretto lavaggio delle mani aiuta a prevenire la diffusione di **batteri** e virus.
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cell
[sostantivo]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

cellula

cellula

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life , with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules .Le **cellule** sono i mattoni della vita, ognuna delle quali contiene un sistema complesso di organelli e molecole.
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DNA
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA

DNA

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .Il **DNA** contiene le istruzioni per costruire le proteine nel corpo.
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biological
[aggettivo]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

biologico

biologico

Ex: The study of anatomy and physiology is a fundamental aspect of biological science.Lo studio dell'anatomia e della fisiologia è un aspetto fondamentale della scienza **biologica**.
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evolution
[sostantivo]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evoluzione

evoluzione

Ex: Evolution has led to the incredible diversity of plants and animals we see on Earth today.**L'evoluzione** ha portato all'incredibile diversità di piante e animali che vediamo sulla Terra oggi.
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to evolve
[Verbo]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

evolvere, trasformarsi

evolvere, trasformarsi

Ex: Humans have evolved from ape-like ancestors , gradually developing upright posture , larger brains , and sophisticated tool use .Gli esseri umani si sono **evoluti** da antenati simili alle scimmie, sviluppando gradualmente una postura eretta, cervelli più grandi e un uso sofisticato degli strumenti.
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genetic
[aggettivo]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genetico

genetico

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gene
[sostantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: The study revealed that some genes could influence intelligence .Lo studio ha rivelato che alcuni **geni** potrebbero influenzare l'intelligenza.
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genetics
[sostantivo]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetica

genetica

Ex: Modern techniques in genetics allow for the editing of genes in living organisms .Le moderne tecniche della **genetica** consentono la modifica dei geni negli organismi viventi.
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germ
[sostantivo]

a small living organism that causes disease or infection

germe

germe

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nerve
[sostantivo]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nervo

nervo

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organism
[sostantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

Ex: A single-celled organism, such as an amoeba , can exhibit complex behaviors .
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species
[sostantivo]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

specie

specie

Ex: The monarch butterfly is a species of butterfly that migrates thousands of miles each year .La farfalla monarca è una **specie** di farfalla che migra per migliaia di miglia ogni anno.
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fertile
[aggettivo]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

fertile

fertile

Ex: The fertile soil allowed the farmers to grow a variety of crops .Il terreno **fertile** ha permesso agli agricoltori di coltivare una varietà di colture.
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mutation
[sostantivo]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutazione

mutazione

Ex: Due to a mutation in his genes , the child was born with blue eyes , even though both parents had brown eyes .A causa di una **mutazione** nei suoi geni, il bambino è nato con gli occhi blu, anche se entrambi i genitori avevano gli occhi marroni.
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organic
[aggettivo]

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

organico

organico

Ex: Organic synthesis involves the creation of complex carbon-based molecules for pharmaceutical and materials science applications .La sintesi **organica** coinvolge la creazione di molecole complesse a base di carbonio per applicazioni farmaceutiche e nella scienza dei materiali.
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metabolism
[sostantivo]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo

metabolismo

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.Il **metabolismo** rallenta con l'età, portando a cambiamenti nei livelli di energia e nella composizione corporea.
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(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

riprodurre

riprodurre

Ex: Certain species reproduce asexually , without the need for a mate .Alcune specie si **riproducono** asessualmente, senza la necessità di un partner.
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parasite
[sostantivo]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parassita

parassita

Ex: The relationship between the host and the parasite is often detrimental to the host , as the parasite exploits its resources for survival and reproduction .La relazione tra l'ospite e il **parassita** è spesso dannosa per l'ospite, poiché il parassita sfrutta le sue risorse per la sopravvivenza e la riproduzione.
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tissue
[sostantivo]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tessuto

tessuto

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .Il **tessuto** adiposo, comunemente noto come tessuto grasso, immagazzina energia e ammortizza gli organi del corpo.
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antibody
[sostantivo]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticorpo

anticorpo

Ex: Drugs that weaken your immune system can lower antibody levels .I farmaci che indeboliscono il tuo sistema immunitario possono abbassare i livelli di **anticorpi**.
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dominant
[aggettivo]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominante

dominante

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members.Il gene **dominante** responsabile delle fossette appare in molti membri della famiglia.
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the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

ingegneria genetica

ingegneria genetica

Ex: Genetic engineering in medicine has led to the development of personalized therapies that target specific genetic mutations in patients .L'**ingegneria genetica** in medicina ha portato allo sviluppo di terapie personalizzate che prendono di mira specifiche mutazioni genetiche nei pazienti.
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male
[aggettivo]

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

maschile

maschile

Ex: The male elephant 's tusks and larger size were indicative of his maturity and dominance within the herd .Le zanne e le dimensioni più grandi dell'elefante **maschio** erano indicative della sua maturità e dominanza all'interno della mandria.
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female
[aggettivo]

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

feminile

feminile

Ex: Tim marveled at the female monarch butterfly 's delicate wings as it fluttered among the flowers .Tim si meravigliò delle delicate ali della farfalla monarca **femmina** mentre svolazzava tra i fiori.
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RNA
[sostantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA

RNA

Ex: Scientists edited the RNA to correct a cellular malfunction .Gli scienziati hanno modificato l'**RNA** per correggere un malfunzionamento cellulare.
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virus
[sostantivo]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus

virus

Ex: Washing your hands can help prevent the spread of viruses.Lavarsi le mani può aiutare a prevenire la diffusione dei **virus**.
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