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Słownictwo do IELTS (Akademickie) - Biologia

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o biologii, takich jak "cykl", "gen", "żyzny" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
biology
biology
[Rzeczownik]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologia, nauka o życiu

biologia, nauka o życiu

Ex: They spent the summer conducting biology experiments in the university lab. 

Spędzili lato przeprowadzając eksperymenty biologiczne w laboratorium uniwersyteckim.

biologist
biologist
[Rzeczownik]

a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

biolog

biolog

Ex: He became a biologist because of his deep fascination with how different species adapt to their environments. 
cycle
cycle
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

cykl, okres

cykl, okres

Ex: The water cycle describes how water moves through the environment in different forms. 
to divide
to divide
[Czasownik]

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

dzielić, oddzielać

dzielić, oddzielać

Ex: The teacher divides the class into small groups for a collaborative project. 
bacteria
bacteria
[Rzeczownik]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

bakterie

bakterie

Ex: The scientist studied the bacteria under a microscope to identify their characteristics. 

Naukowiec badał bakterie pod mikroskopem, aby zidentyfikować ich charakterystyki.

cell
cell
[Rzeczownik]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

komórka

komórka

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life, with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules. 
DNA
DNA
[Rzeczownik]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, kwas deoksyrybonukleinowy

DNA, kwas deoksyrybonukleinowy

Ex: DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genetic instructions for living organisms. 
biological
biological
[przymiotnik]

relating to biology or the scientific study of living organisms

biologiczny,  biologiczna

biologiczny, biologiczna

Ex: The discovery raised several important biological questions. 
evolution
evolution
[Rzeczownik]

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

Ex: The evolution of whales from land-dwelling ancestors took millions of years. 
to evolve
to evolve
[Czasownik]

to change genetically across generations through the process of evolution

ewoluować,  rozwijać się

ewoluować, rozwijać się

Ex: Some plants have evolved traits that help them survive extreme drought. 
genetic
genetic
[przymiotnik]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genetyczny

genetyczny

gene
gene
[Rzeczownik]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, jednostka genetyczna

gen, jednostka genetyczna

Ex: The gene responsible for eye color is inherited from both parents. 
genetics
genetics
[Rzeczownik]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetyka

genetyka

Ex: She is pursuing a degree in genetics to research genetic disorders. 

Ona zdobywa stopień w genetyce, aby badać zaburzenia genetyczne.

germ
germ
[Rzeczownik]

a microscopic organism, especially one that causes disease

Ex: My grandma always said fresh air and sunshine kill germs, and she wasn't wrong. 
nerve
nerve
[Rzeczownik]

a bundle of fibers that carries signals between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body

Ex: The surgeon carefully avoided cutting the nearby nerves. 
organism
organism
[Rzeczownik]

an individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium

organizm,  istota żywa

organizm, istota żywa

Ex: Some organisms can survive in extremely cold environments. 
species
species
[Rzeczownik]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

gatunek, gatunki

gatunek, gatunki

Ex: The domestic dog is a species of the genus Canis that has been selectively bred by humans for thousands of years. 

Pies domowy to gatunek z rodzaju Canis, który był selekcjonowany przez ludzi przez tysiące lat.

fertile
fertile
[przymiotnik]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

żyzny

żyzny

Ex: She learned that some plants are more fertile in certain climates. 

Dowiedziała się, że niektóre rośliny są bardziej żyzne w określonych klimatach.

mutation
mutation
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutacja, zmiana genetyczna

mutacja, zmiana genetyczna

Ex: The fish exhibited a unique fin shape, which was later identified as a result of a genetic mutation. 

Ryba wykazywała unikalny kształt płetwy, który później został zidentyfikowany jako wynik genetycznej mutacji.

organic
organic
[przymiotnik]

relating to chemical compounds that contain carbon

organiczny,  organiczna

organiczny, organiczna

Ex: Organic chemistry focuses mainly on carbon-containing compounds. 
metabolism
metabolism
[Rzeczownik]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolizm, przemiana materii

metabolizm, przemiana materii

Ex: Some people have a fast metabolism, allowing them to burn calories quickly even at rest. 
to reproduce
to reproduce
[Czasownik]

to produce offspring or new individuals of the same kind

rozmnażać się

rozmnażać się

Ex: Some animals cannot reproduce successfully in captivity. 
parasite
parasite
[Rzeczownik]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

pasożyt, organizm pasożytniczy

pasożyt, organizm pasożytniczy

Ex: Scientists are studying the life cycle of the parasite to develop better treatments and preventative measures for the diseases it causes. 
tissue
tissue
[Rzeczownik]

a group of similar cells that work together to form a particular part of a human, animal, or plant

Ex: Scar tissue formed around the old wound. 
antibody
antibody
[Rzeczownik]

a protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and helps neutralize harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses

przeciwciało,  immunoglobulina

przeciwciało, immunoglobulina

Ex: The researchers measured antibody levels in the participants' blood. 
dominant
dominant
[przymiotnik]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominujący, przeważający

dominujący, przeważający

Ex: The gene for brown eyes is dominant over the gene for blue eyes. 
genetic engineering

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

inżynieria genetyczna, manipulacja genetyczna

inżynieria genetyczna, manipulacja genetyczna

Ex: Critics of genetic engineering argue that modifying the genomes of organisms could have unforeseen environmental and health consequences. 

Krytycy inżynierii genetycznej twierdzą, że modyfikowanie genomów organizmów może mieć nieprzewidziane konsekwencje dla środowiska i zdrowia.

male
male
[przymiotnik]

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

męski

męski

Ex: The male lion's mane and larger size distinguish him from the female lion in the pride. 
female
female
[przymiotnik]

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

samica, żeński

samica, żeński

Ex: The female bird incubates the eggs while the male gathers food for their young. 
RNA
RNA
[Rzeczownik]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA, kwas rybonukleinowy

RNA, kwas rybonukleinowy

Ex: Ribosomal RNA helps assemble amino acids into proteins. 

Rybosomalny RNA pomaga w składaniu aminokwasów w białka.

virus
virus
[Rzeczownik]

an infectious agent that reproduces only inside living cells and can cause disease

Ex: The plant's leaves turned yellow after it was infected with a virus. 
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