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Vocabulaire pour IELTS (Académique) - Biologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur la biologie, tels que "cycle", "gène", "fertile", etc. qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
biology
biology
[nom]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologie

biologie

Ex: The biology textbook covered topics ranging from cell structure to ecosystem dynamics. 

Le manuel de biologie couvrait des sujets allant de la structure cellulaire à la dynamique des écosystèmes.

biologist

a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

biologiste

biologiste

Ex: As a marine biologist, she traveled to remote islands to study coral reefs and their ecosystems. 
cycle
cycle
[nom]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

cycle

cycle

Ex: In plants, the life cycle includes stages from seed germination to flowering and producing seeds. 

Chez les plantes, le cycle de vie comprend des étapes allant de la germination des graines à la floraison et à la production de graines.

to divide
to divide
[verbe]

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

diviser, séparer

diviser, séparer

Ex: The chef divides the ingredients into precise portions for the recipe. 

Le chef divise les ingrédients en portions précises pour la recette.

bacteria

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

bactéries

bactéries

Ex: Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by harmful bacteria. 

Les antibiotiques sont utilisés pour traiter les infections causées par des bactéries nocives.

cell
cell
[nom]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

cellule

cellule

Ex: Cells can be classified into two main categories: prokaryotic cells, lacking a nucleus, and eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus enclosed within a membrane. 

Les cellules peuvent être classées en deux catégories principales: les cellules procaryotes, dépourvues de noyau, et les cellules eucaryotes, qui possèdent un noyau enfermé dans une membrane.

DNA
DNA
[nom]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ADN

ADN

Ex: Each DNA molecule is made up of two strands that form a double helix shape. 

Chaque molécule d'ADN est constituée de deux brins qui forment une forme de double hélice.

biological
biological
[Adjectif]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

biologique

biologique

Ex: Biological studies focus on understanding living organisms and their processes. 
evolution

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

évolution

évolution

Ex: Genetic mutations play a significant role in driving evolutionary changes within populations. 

Les mutations génétiques jouent un rôle important dans la conduite des changements évolutifs au sein des populations.

to evolve
to evolve
[verbe]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

évoluer, se transformer

évoluer, se transformer

Ex: In response to changing food availability, the beak shapes of finches on the Galápagos Islands have evolved. 

En réponse à la disponibilité changeante de la nourriture, les formes de bec des pinsons des îles Galápagos ont évolué.

genetic
genetic
[Adjectif]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

génétique

génétique

gene
gene
[nom]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gène

gène

Ex: Scientists study the genes to understand how diseases are passed down. 

Les scientifiques étudient les gènes pour comprendre comment les maladies sont transmises.

genetics

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

génétique

génétique

Ex: Advances in genetics have led to important developments in medicine and agriculture. 

Les progrès en génétique ont conduit à des développements importants en médecine et en agriculture.

germ
germ
[nom]

a small living organism that causes disease or infection

microbe, germe

microbe, germe

Ex: I'm staying home today; I think I caught a germ from my coworker's kid. 
nerve
nerve
[nom]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nerf

nerf

Ex: She damaged a nerve in her wrist from repetitive typing at work. 
organism

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organisme

organisme

Ex: Microscopic organisms like bacteria play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and decomposition. 

Les organismes microscopiques comme les bactéries jouent un rôle crucial dans le cycle des nutriments et la décomposition.

species
species
[nom]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

espèces

espèces

Ex: The African elephant and the Asian elephant are two different species of elephant. 

L'éléphant d'Afrique et l'éléphant d'Asie sont deux espèces différentes d'éléphant.

fertile
fertile
[Adjectif]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

fertile

fertile

Ex: The fertile land near the river produces abundant harvests each year. 

La terre fertile près de la rivière produit des récoltes abondantes chaque année.

mutation

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutation

mutation

Ex: Scientists are studying the mutation responsible for giving certain plants drought resistance. 

Les scientifiques étudient la mutation responsable de la résistance à la sécheresse de certaines plantes.

organic
organic
[Adjectif]

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

organique

organique

Ex: Organic compounds like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are crucial components of living cells. 

Les composés organiques comme les protéines, les glucides et les lipides sont des composants cruciaux des cellules vivantes.

metabolism

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

métabolisme

métabolisme

Ex: Regular exercise can boost metabolism, helping to burn calories more efficiently. 

L'exercice régulier peut stimuler le métabolisme, aidant à brûler les calories plus efficacement.

to reproduce

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

reproduire

reproduire

Ex: Plants reproduce through seeds, allowing new plants to grow. 

Les plantes se reproduisent par les graines, permettant à de nouvelles plantes de pousser.

parasite

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parasite

parasite

Ex: Tapeworms are parasites that can inhabit the intestines of animals, absorbing nutrients from their hosts. 

Les parasites comme les ténias peuvent habiter les intestins des animaux, absorbant les nutriments de leurs hôtes.

tissue
tissue
[nom]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tissu

tissu

Ex: The doctor examined the tissue under a microscope to determine the presence of any abnormalities. 

Le médecin a examiné le tissu sous un microscope pour déterminer la présence d'anomalies.

antibody

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticorps

anticorps

Ex: Vaccines help your body make antibodies to prevent infections. 

Les vaccins aident votre corps à produire des anticorps pour prévenir les infections.

dominant
dominant
[Adjectif]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominant

dominant

Ex: A dominant gene for height can result in tall offspring even if one parent is short. 

Un gène dominant pour la taille peut donner naissance à une progéniture grande même si l'un des parents est petit.

genetic engineering

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

génie génétique

génie génétique

Ex: The potential of genetic engineering to cure genetic disorders has generated both excitement and ethical debates within the scientific community. 

Le potentiel de génie génétique pour guérir les troubles génétiques a suscité à la fois de l'enthousiasme et des débats éthiques au sein de la communauté scientifique.

male
male
[Adjectif]

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

mâle

mâle

Ex: Sarah observed the male peacock's vibrant plumage as he displayed it to attract a mate. 

Sarah a observé le plumage vibrant du mâle paon alors qu'il le déployait pour attirer une partenaire.

female
female
[Adjectif]

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

femelle

femelle

Ex: The female lioness is typically responsible for hunting and providing food for the pride. 

La lionne femelle est généralement responsable de la chasse et de la fourniture de nourriture pour la troupe.

RNA
RNA
[nom]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

ARN

ARN

Ex: Messenger RNA delivers codes for building specific proteins. 

L'ARN messager délivre des codes pour construire des protéines spécifiques.

virus
virus
[nom]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus

virus

Ex: Some viruses are deadly, while others are mild. 

Certains virus sont mortels, tandis que d'autres sont bénins.

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