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Slovní Zásoba pro IELTS (Akademická) - Biology

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o biologii, jako je „cyklus“, „gen“, „úrodný“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
biology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologie, biologická věda

biologie, biologická věda

Ex: biology is crucial for addressing environmental and health-related challenges .
biologist
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

biolog, bioložka

biolog, bioložka

Ex: biologist worked in the lab to conduct experiments on how certain bacteria affect the human immune system .
cycle
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

cyklus, okolnost

cyklus, okolnost

Ex: The butterfly’s life cycle includes stages from egg to caterpillar to adult.
to divide
[sloveso]

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

rozdělit, dělit

rozdělit, dělit

Ex: The politician ’s divided public opinion on the issue .
bacteria
[Podstatné jméno]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

bakterie, bakteriální

bakterie, bakteriální

Ex: Proper handwashing helps prevent the spread bacteria and viruses .
cell
[Podstatné jméno]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

buňka, jednotka

buňka, jednotka

Ex: Cells are the building blocks of life , with each one containing a complex system of organelles and molecules .
DNA
[Podstatné jméno]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .
biological
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

biologický, biologický (vědecký)

biologický, biologický (vědecký)

Ex: The study of anatomy and physiology is a fundamental aspect of biological science.
evolution
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evoluce, vývoj

evoluce, vývoj

Ex: Evolution has led to the incredible diversity of plants and animals we see on Earth today.
to evolve
[sloveso]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

vyvíjet se, evolvovat

vyvíjet se, evolvovat

Ex: Humans evolved from ape-like ancestors , gradually developing upright posture , larger brains , and sophisticated tool use .
genetic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genetický, dědičný

genetický, dědičný

gene
[Podstatné jméno]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, dědičná jednotka

gen, dědičná jednotka

Ex: The study revealed that genes could influence intelligence .
genetics
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genetika, genetické vědy

genetika, genetické vědy

Ex: Modern techniques genetics allow for the editing of genes in living organisms .
germ
[Podstatné jméno]

a small living organism that causes disease or infection

mikrob, germ

mikrob, germ

nerve
[Podstatné jméno]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nerv, nervový vlákn

nerv, nervový vlákn

organism
[Podstatné jméno]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismus, živý tvor

organismus, živý tvor

Ex: A organism, such as an amoeba , can exhibit complex behaviors .
species
[Podstatné jméno]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

druh, species

druh, species

Ex: The monarch butterfly is species of butterfly that migrates thousands of miles each year .
fertile
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

plodný, úrodný

plodný, úrodný

Ex: fertile soil allowed the farmers to grow a variety of crops .
mutation
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutace, změna

mutace, změna

Ex: Due to mutation in his genes , the child was born with blue eyes , even though both parents had brown eyes .
organic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

organický, organického původu

organický, organického původu

Ex: Organic synthesis involves the creation of complex carbon-based molecules for pharmaceutical and materials science applications .
metabolism
[Podstatné jméno]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismus, výmetabolismus

metabolismus, výmetabolismus

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.
to reproduce
[sloveso]

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

reprodukovat, rozmnožovat se

reprodukovat, rozmnožovat se

Ex: Certain reproduce asexually , without the need for a mate .
parasite
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parazit, parazity

parazit, parazity

Ex: The relationship between the host and the parasite is often detrimental to the host , as parasite exploits its resources for survival and reproduction .
tissue
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tkáň, přenášená látka

tkáň, přenášená látka

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .
antibody
[Podstatné jméno]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

protilátka, imunoglobulin

protilátka, imunoglobulin

Ex: Drugs that weaken your immune system can antibody levels .
dominant
[Přídavné jméno]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominantní, významný

dominantní, významný

Ex: The dominant gene responsible for dimples appears in many family members.
genetic engineering
[Podstatné jméno]

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

genetické inženýrství, genetická manipulace

genetické inženýrství, genetická manipulace

Ex: Genetic engineering in medicine has led to the development of personalized therapies that target specific genetic mutations in patients .
male
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

samec, mužský

samec, mužský

Ex: male elephant 's tusks and larger size were indicative of his maturity and dominance within the herd .
female
[Přídavné jméno]

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

ženský, samčí

ženský, samčí

Ex: Tim marveled at female monarch butterfly 's delicate wings as it fluttered among the flowers .
RNA
[Podstatné jméno]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

RNA, řetězec ribonukleové kyseliny

RNA, řetězec ribonukleové kyseliny

virus
[Podstatné jméno]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus, vir

virus, vir

Ex: Washing your hands can help prevent the spread viruses.
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