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Vocabulario para IELTS (Académico) - Biología

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre biología, como "cycle", "gene", "fertile", etc. que son necesarias para el examen IELTS.

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Words for Academic IELTS
biology
biology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biología

biología

Ex: His biology professor was renowned for research in genetic engineering. 

Su profesor de biología era reconocido por su investigación en ingeniería genética.

biologist
biologist
[Sustantivo]

a person who studies the science that deals with living organisms

biólogo

biólogo

Ex: The biologist presented her findings on the impact of climate change on local plant species at the conference. 
cycle
cycle
[Sustantivo]

(biology) a series of transformations and events that happen in an animal or plant's lifetime

ciclo

ciclo

Ex: The cell cycle is the process by which cells grow and divide. 

El ciclo celular es el proceso por el cual las células crecen y se dividen.

to divide
to divide
[Verbo]

to separate people or things into two or more groups, parts, etc.

dividir

dividir

Ex: Right now, the referee is dividing the teams before the soccer match. 

En este momento, el árbitro está dividiendo los equipos antes del partido de fútbol.

bacteria
bacteria
[Sustantivo]

(microbiology) single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and living organisms, and can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral

bacteria

bacteria

Ex: Yogurt contains beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion. 

El yogur contiene bacterias beneficiosas que ayudan en la digestión.

cell
cell
[Sustantivo]

an organism's smallest unit, capable of functioning on its own

célula

célula

Ex: The discovery of cells and the development of cell theory by scientists such as Robert Hooke and Theodor Schwann revolutionized our understanding of living organisms. 

El descubrimiento de las células y el desarrollo de la teoría celular por científicos como Robert Hooke y Theodor Schwann revolucionaron nuestra comprensión de los organismos vivos.

DNA
DNA
[Sustantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ADN

ADN

Ex: DNA carries the information that determines traits like eye color and height. 

El ADN lleva la información que determina rasgos como el color de ojos y la altura.

biological
biological
[Adjetivo]

relating to the science that explores living organisms and their functions

biológico

biológico

Ex: The biological classification system categorizes organisms into various groups based on their characteristics. 
evolution
evolution
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evolución

evolución

Ex: The study of evolution helps scientists understand the diversity of life on Earth and how organisms are interconnected through common ancestry. 

El estudio de la evolución ayuda a los científicos a comprender la diversidad de la vida en la Tierra y cómo los organismos están interconectados a través de un ancestro común.

to evolve
to evolve
[Verbo]

(biology) to change gradually and over generations into forms that are better adapted to the environment and fitter to survive

evolucionar, transformarse

evolucionar, transformarse

Ex: Bacteria exposed to antibiotics have evolved through genetic mutations. 

Las bacterias expuestas a los antibióticos han evolucionado a través de mutaciones genéticas.

genetic
genetic
[Adjetivo]

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genético

genético

gene
gene
[Sustantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: She discovered that her gene pool had a unique mutation. 

Descubrió que su acervo génico tenía una mutación única.

genetics
genetics
[Sustantivo]

the branch of biology that deals with how individual features and different characteristics are passed through genes

genética

genética

Ex: The field of genetics continues to evolve with new technologies and discoveries. 

El campo de la genética continúa evolucionando con nuevas tecnologías y descubrimientos.

germ
germ
[Sustantivo]

a small living organism that causes disease or infection

germen

germen

nerve
nerve
[Sustantivo]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nervio

nervio

Ex: The surgeon carefully avoided the facial nerve during the tumor removal. 
organism
organism
[Sustantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

Ex: The rainforest teems with diverse organisms, from insects to mammals. 

La selva tropical está repleta de diversos organismos, desde insectos hasta mamíferos.

species
species
[Sustantivo]

a group that animals, plants, etc. of the same type which are capable of producing healthy offspring with each other are divided into

especie

especie

Ex: The red wolf is a species of wolf that is native to the southeastern United States. 

El lobo rojo es una especie de lobo nativa del sureste de los Estados Unidos.

fertile
fertile
[Adjetivo]

(of an animal, person, or plant) able to produce offspring, fruit, or seed

fértil

fértil

Ex: The fertile soil allowed the farmers to grow a variety of crops. 

El suelo fértil permitió a los agricultores cultivar una variedad de cultivos.

mutation
mutation
[Sustantivo]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

mutación

mutación

Ex: Due to a mutation in his genes, the child was born with blue eyes, even though both parents had brown eyes. 

Debido a una mutación en sus genes, el niño nació con ojos azules, aunque ambos padres tenían ojos marrones.

organic
organic
[Adjetivo]

relating to a carbon-based compound that has a biological origin

orgánico

orgánico

Ex: Organic matter in soil contributes to its fertility and supports plant growth. 

La materia orgánica en el suelo contribuye a su fertilidad y apoya el crecimiento de las plantas.

metabolism
metabolism
[Sustantivo]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo

metabolismo

Ex: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate. 

La glándula tiroides juega un papel crucial en la regulación del metabolismo al producir hormonas que controlan la tasa metabólica.

to reproduce

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

reproducir

reproducir

Ex: Humans reproduce through sexual reproduction, leading to the birth of babies. 

Los humanos se reproducen a través de la reproducción sexual, lo que lleva al nacimiento de bebés.

parasite
parasite
[Sustantivo]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parásito

parásito

Ex: Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. 

La malaria es causada por un parásito llamado Plasmodium, que se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de un mosquito Anopheles infectado.

tissue
tissue
[Sustantivo]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

tejido

tejido

Ex: Plant tissue culture techniques are used in agriculture to propagate disease-resistant crops. 

Las técnicas de cultivo de tejido vegetal se utilizan en la agricultura para propagar cultivos resistentes a enfermedades.

antibody
antibody
[Sustantivo]

a blood protein produced to fight diseases or infections, or in response to foreign substances in the body

anticuerpo

anticuerpo

Ex: Antibody tests find antibodies in your blood, showing past infections or vaccinations. 

Las pruebas de anticuerpos detectan anticuerpos en tu sangre, mostrando infecciones pasadas o vacunaciones.

dominant
dominant
[Adjetivo]

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

dominante

dominante

Ex: In this family, the dominant gene for curly hair is passed down to the children. 

En esta familia, el gen dominante para el pelo rizado se transmite a los hijos.

genetic engineering

the science or process of deliberately modifying the features of a living organism by changing its genetic information

ingeniería genética

ingeniería genética

Ex: Advances in genetic engineering techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionized the field by allowing precise editing of DNA sequences. 

Los avances en las técnicas de ingeniería genética, como CRISPR-Cas9, han revolucionado el campo al permitir la edición precisa de secuencias de ADN.

male
male
[Adjetivo]

belonging to the sex that cannot give birth to babies or lay eggs but is capable of fertilization of the opposite sex

macho

macho

Ex: Tim admired the male deer's antlers, which signified his dominance during mating season. 

Tim admiraba las astas del ciervo macho, que significaban su dominio durante la temporada de apareamiento.

female
female
[Adjetivo]

belonging to the sex that is fertilized by the opposite sex and can lay eggs or give birth to babies

hembra

hembra

Ex: Sarah admired the female peacock's subtle beauty as she watched it perched in the garden. 

Sarah admiró la belleza sutil de la hembra pavo real mientras la observaba posada en el jardín.

RNA
RNA
[Sustantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis

ARN

ARN

Ex: Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 use RNA as their genetic material. 

Los virus como el SARS-CoV-2 utilizan el ARN como material genético.

virus
virus
[Sustantivo]

a microscopic agent that causes disease in people, animals, and plants

virus

virus

Ex: The doctor said it was a virus, so antibiotics wouldn't help. 

El médico dijo que era un virus, así que los antibióticos no ayudarían.

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