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Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL - L'ambiente e il tempo

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sull'ambiente e il meteo, come "ecologia", "raffinare", "tossico", ecc., che sono necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
ecosystem
[sostantivo]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ecosistema

ecosistema

Ex: Climate change poses a major threat to many fragile ecosystems.Il cambiamento climatico rappresenta una grave minaccia per molti **ecosistemi** fragili.
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ecology
[sostantivo]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ecologia

ecologia

Ex: The research team focused on ecology to explore how pollution affects aquatic life .Il team di ricerca si è concentrato sull'**ecologia** per esplorare come l'inquinamento influisce sulla vita acquatica.
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sanctuary
[sostantivo]

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

rifugio

rifugio

Ex: Education programs at the sanctuary teach visitors about conservation and the importance of protecting natural habitats.I programmi educativi del **santuario** insegnano ai visitatori la conservazione e l'importanza di proteggere gli habitat naturali.
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green belt
[sostantivo]

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

cintura verde

cintura verde

Ex: Darlington should preserve its green belt.Darlington dovrebbe preservare la sua **cintura verde**.
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reserve
[sostantivo]

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

riserva

riserva

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environmentalism
[sostantivo]

provision of care for the environment

ambientalismo

ambientalismo

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fossil fuel
[sostantivo]

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

combustibile fossile

combustibile fossile

Ex: Many cars still rely on fossil fuels like gasoline .Molte auto dipendono ancora dai **combustibili fossili** come la benzina.
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alternative fuel
[sostantivo]

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

carburante alternativo

carburante alternativo

Ex: Electric cars are becoming popular as an alternative fuel option .Le auto elettriche stanno diventando popolari come opzione di **carburante alternativo**.
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sustainable
[aggettivo]

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

sostenibile

sostenibile

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zero-emission
[aggettivo]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

emissioni zero

emissioni zero

Ex: Investing in zero-emission technology is crucial for reducing carbon footprints and combating climate change .Investire nella tecnologia **a zero emissioni** è fondamentale per ridurre l'impronta di carbonio e combattere il cambiamento climatico.
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referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

rispettoso di ecologio

rispettoso di ecologio

Ex: Switching to environmentally friendly transportation can significantly reduce your carbon footprint .Passare a mezzi di trasporto **ecologici** può ridurre significativamente la tua impronta di carbonio.
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biodegradable
[aggettivo]

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

biodegradabile

biodegradabile

Ex: Certain detergents and cleaning products are formulated with biodegradable ingredients to minimize environmental impact .Alcuni detergenti e prodotti per la pulizia sono formulati con ingredienti **biodegradabili** per minimizzare l'impatto ambientale.
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eco-friendly
[aggettivo]

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

ecologico

ecologico

Ex: They installed eco-friendly solar panels to lower their energy consumption .Hanno installato pannelli solari **ecologici** per ridurre il loro consumo energetico.
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to refine
[Verbo]

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

raffinare

raffinare

Ex: The oil industry continuously refines crude oil into various usable products .L'industria petrolifera **raffina** continuamente il petrolio greggio in vari prodotti utilizzabili.
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preservation
[sostantivo]

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

preservazione, conservazione

preservazione, conservazione

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nonrenewable
[aggettivo]

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

non rinnovabile

non rinnovabile

Ex: Governments are encouraging the reduction of nonrenewable resource consumption .I governi stanno incoraggiando la riduzione del consumo di risorse **non rinnovabili**.
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conservation
[sostantivo]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

conservazione

conservazione

Ex: Many organizations focus on wildlife conservation to prevent species from becoming extinct .Molte organizzazioni si concentrano sulla **conservazione** della fauna selvatica per prevenire l'estinzione delle specie.
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acid rain
[sostantivo]

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

pioggia acida

pioggia acida

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carbon footprint
[sostantivo]

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

impronta di carbonio

impronta di carbonio

Ex: The company is working to reduce its carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy .L'azienda sta lavorando per ridurre la propria **impronta di carbonio** passando alle energie rinnovabili.
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climate change
[sostantivo]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

cambiamenti climatici

cambiamenti climatici

Ex: The effects of climate change are evident in our changing weather patterns .Gli effetti del **cambiamento climatico** sono evidenti nei nostri modelli meteorologici che cambiano.
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wildfire
[sostantivo]

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

incendio

incendio

Ex: Aerial firefighting efforts were deployed to suppress the wildfire from spreading further .Sono stati dispiegati sforzi di lotta antincendio aerea per impedire che **l'incendio** si diffondesse ulteriormente.
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tsunami
[sostantivo]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

tsunami

tsunami

Ex: After the earthquake , the government issued an evacuation order due to the risk of a tsunami.Dopo il terremoto, il governo ha emesso un ordine di evacuazione a causa del rischio di **tsunami**.
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toxic
[aggettivo]

consisting of poisonous substances

tossico

tossico

Ex: Proper disposal of electronic waste is crucial to prevent toxic materials from leaching into the environment and contaminating soil and water sources .Lo smaltimento corretto dei rifiuti elettronici è cruciale per prevenire che materiali **tossici** si disperdano nell'ambiente e contaminino il suolo e le fonti d'acqua.
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pollutant
[sostantivo]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

inquinante

inquinante

Ex: Governments worldwide are working together to address global pollutants through international agreements .I governi di tutto il mondo stanno lavorando insieme per affrontare gli **inquinanti** globali attraverso accordi internazionali.
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greenhouse effect
[sostantivo]

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

effetto serra

effetto serra

Ex: The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon vital for sustaining life on Earth , but the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities has accelerated climate change and its associated impacts .**L'effetto serra** è un fenomeno naturale vitale per sostenere la vita sulla Terra, ma l'effetto serra intensificato causato dalle attività umane ha accelerato il cambiamento climatico e i suoi impatti associati.
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smog
[sostantivo]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

smog

smog

Ex: On some days , the smog was so dense that schools canceled outdoor activities for the safety of the children .Alcuni giorni, lo **smog** era così denso che le scuole hanno cancellato le attività all'aperto per la sicurezza dei bambini.
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ozone layer
[sostantivo]

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

strato di ozono

strato di ozono

Ex: International agreements like the Montreal Protocol aim to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances .Gli accordi internazionali come il Protocollo di Montreal mirano a proteggere lo **strato di ozono** eliminando gradualmente le sostanze che riducono lo strato di ozono.
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eruption
[sostantivo]

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

eruzione

eruzione

Ex: The eruption was so powerful that it was heard hundreds of miles away .L'**eruzione** fu così potente che si sentì a centinaia di miglia di distanza.
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deforestation
[sostantivo]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

deforestazione

deforestazione

Ex: Activists are protesting against companies responsible for massive deforestation.Gli attivisti stanno protestando contro le aziende responsabili della **deforestazione** massiccia.
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to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

contaminare

contaminare

Ex: Oil spills can contaminate beaches and marine ecosystems , causing extensive environmental damage .Le fuite di petrolio possono **contaminare** le spiagge e gli ecosistemi marini, causando danni ambientali estesi.
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consumption
[sostantivo]

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

consumo

consumo

Ex: Due to the new green initiatives , there 's been a reduction in fuel consumption in the city .A causa delle nuove iniziative verdi, c'è stata una riduzione del **consumo** di carburante in città.
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blizzard
[sostantivo]

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

tormenta

tormenta

Ex: Visibility was almost zero in the blizzard.La visibilità era quasi zero nella **tempesta di neve**.
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Fahrenheit
[aggettivo]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit

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centigrade
[aggettivo]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

centigrado

centigrado

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humid
[aggettivo]

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

umido

umido

Ex: The humid air made it difficult to dry laundry outside .L'aria **umida** ha reso difficile asciugare il bucato fuori.
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monsoon
[sostantivo]

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

monsone

monsone

Ex: Meteorologists closely monitor atmospheric conditions to predict the onset and duration of the monsoon, helping communities prepare for its arrival .I meteorologi monitorano da vicino le condizioni atmosferiche per prevedere l'inizio e la durata del **monsone**, aiutando le comunità a prepararsi per il suo arrivo.
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thunder
[sostantivo]

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

tuono

tuono

Ex: The sudden clap of thunder made everyone jump .L'improvviso scoppio di **tuono** ha fatto sobbalzare tutti.
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Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL
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