المفردات الأساسية لاختبار TOEFL - البيئة والطقس

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

نظام بيئي

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

علم البيئة

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

ملاذ

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

حزام أخضر

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

محمية

provision of care for the environment

البيئية

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

وقود أحفوري

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

وقود بديل

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

مستدام

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

صفر انبعاثات

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

صديق للبيئة

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

قابل للتحلل البيولوجي

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

صديق للبيئة

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

تكرير

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

الحفاظ

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

غير قابل للتجديد

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

حفظ

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

أمطار حمضية

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

البصمة الكربونية

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغير المناخ

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

حرائق الغابات

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

تسونامي

consisting of poisonous substances

سام

any substance that is harmful to the environment

ملوث

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

تأثير الاحتباس الحراري

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

سُمُوم

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

طبقة الأوزون

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

ثوران

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

إزالة الغابات

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

تلوّث

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

استهلاك

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

عاصفة ثلجية

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

فهرنهايت

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

مئوي

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

رطب

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

موسم الأمطار

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

الرعد