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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Environnement et Météo

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'environnement et la météo, tels que "écologie", "raffiner", "toxique", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
ecosystem

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

écosystème

écosystème

Ex: The Amazon rainforest is a vital ecosystem that regulates global climate patterns. 

La forêt amazonienne est un écosystème vital qui régule les modèles climatiques mondiaux.

ecology
ecology
[nom]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

écologie

écologie

Ex: The study of ecology helps us understand the effects of climate change. 

L'étude de l'écologie nous aide à comprendre les effets du changement climatique.

sanctuary

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

réserve ornithologique

réserve ornithologique

Ex: Visitors can observe a variety of birds and animals in their natural habitat at the sanctuary. 

Les visiteurs peuvent observer une variété d'oiseaux et d'animaux dans leur habitat naturel au sanctuaire.

green belt

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

ceinture verte

ceinture verte

Ex: Darlington should preserve its green belt. 

Darlington devrait préserver sa ceinture verte.

reserve
reserve
[nom]

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

réserve

réserve

Ex: Visitors can observe rare birds in the nature reserve. 
environmentalism

provision of care for the environment

écologisme

écologisme

fossil fuel

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

combustible fossile

combustible fossile

Ex: Coal is one of the most widely used fossil fuels. 

Le charbon est l'un des combustibles fossiles les plus utilisés.

alternative fuel

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

carburant de remplacement

carburant de remplacement

Ex: Some buses in the city now use alternative fuel like natural gas instead of diesel. 

Certains bus de la ville utilisent désormais des carburants alternatifs comme le gaz naturel au lieu du diesel.

sustainable
sustainable
[Adjectif]

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

durable

durable

Ex: They built a sustainable energy system with solar panels. 

Ils ont construit un système énergétique durable avec des panneaux solaires.

zero-emission
zero-emission
[Adjectif]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

émission zéro

émission zéro

Ex: The city aims to transition to a zero-emission public transportation system by 2030. 
environmentally friendly

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

respectueux de l'environnement

respectueux de l'environnement

Ex: They installed environmentally friendly lighting to reduce energy consumption. 

Ils ont installé un éclairage respectueux de l'environnement pour réduire la consommation d'énergie.

biodegradable
biodegradable
[Adjectif]

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

biodégradable

biodégradable

Ex: Some packaging materials, like biodegradable plastics, can break down in a composting environment. 
eco-friendly
eco-friendly
[Adjectif]

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

respectueux de l’environnement, écologique

respectueux de l’environnement, écologique

Ex: She prefers eco-friendly cleaning products that don't contain harmful chemicals. 

Elle préfère les produits de nettoyage écologiques qui ne contiennent pas de produits chimiques nocifs.

to refine
to refine
[verbe]

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

raffiner

raffiner

Ex: The skincare product is designed to refine pores and remove excess oils from the skin. 

Le produit de soin est conçu pour affiner les pores et éliminer l'excès de sébum de la peau.

preservation

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

préservation

préservation

nonrenewable
nonrenewable
[Adjectif]

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

non renouvelable

non renouvelable

Ex: The shift from nonrenewable to renewable energy sources is essential for a sustainable future. 

Le passage des sources d'énergie non renouvelables aux sources renouvelables est essentiel pour un avenir durable.

conservation

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

préservation, protection

préservation, protection

Ex: The government implemented strict conservation laws to protect the country's national parks. 
acid rain

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

pluie acide

pluie acide

Ex: The marble gravestones in the old cemetery showed pockmarks caused by prolonged exposure to acid rain. 

Les pierres tombales en marbre dans le vieux cimetière présentaient des marques de grêle causées par une exposition prolongée aux pluies acides.

carbon footprint

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

empreinte carbone

empreinte carbone

Ex: Driving electric cars can help lower your carbon footprint. 

Conduire des voitures électriques peut aider à réduire votre empreinte carbone.

climate change

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

changement climatique

changement climatique

Ex: Climate change is causing shifts in agricultural practices. 

Le changement climatique provoque des changements dans les pratiques agricoles.

wildfire

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

incendie, feu de forêt

incendie, feu de forêt

Ex: Firefighters worked tirelessly to contain the wildfire threatening nearby homes. 

Les pompiers ont travaillé sans relâche pour contenir l'incendie de forêt menaçant les maisons voisines.

tsunami
tsunami
[nom]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

tsunami

tsunami

Ex: Tsunami warning systems are crucial in alerting coastal communities to potential danger. 

Les systèmes d'alerte aux tsunamis sont essentiels pour avertir les communautés côtières d'un danger potentiel.

toxic
toxic
[Adjectif]

poisonous or capable of causing illness, injury, or death through chemical action

toxique

toxique

Ex: Some mushrooms contain toxic substances. 
pollutant

any substance that is harmful to the environment

polluant, substance polluante

polluant, substance polluante

Ex: Industrial facilities must comply with regulations to limit emissions of air pollutants. 
greenhouse effect

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

effet de serre

effet de serre

Ex: The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon vital for sustaining life on Earth, but the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities has accelerated climate change and its associated impacts. 

L'effet de serre est un phénomène naturel vital pour maintenir la vie sur Terre, mais l'effet de serre accru causé par les activités humaines a accéléré le changement climatique et ses impacts associés.

smog
smog
[nom]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

nuage de pollution, smog

nuage de pollution, smog

Ex: During the winter months, smog often blankets urban areas due to increased heating and traffic emissions. 

Pendant les mois d'hiver, le smog recouvre souvent les zones urbaines en raison de l'augmentation du chauffage et des émissions dues au trafic.

ozone layer

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

couche d'ozone

couche d'ozone

Ex: Human activities, such as the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer. 
eruption

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

éruption

éruption

Ex: Residents were evacuated as the eruption threatened nearby towns. 

Les résidents ont été évacués alors que l'éruption menaçait les villes voisines.

deforestation

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

déforestation

déforestation

Ex: Governments are enacting laws to slow deforestation and protect forests. 

Les gouvernements promulguent des lois pour ralentir la déforestation et protéger les forêts.

to contaminate

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

contaminer

contaminer

Ex: Careless waste disposal practices can contaminate groundwater with hazardous substances. 

Les pratiques de gestion des déchets négligentes peuvent contaminer les eaux souterraines avec des substances dangereuses.

consumption

the act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

consommation

consommation

Ex: The consumption of electricity increased during the summer months. 
blizzard

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

tempête de neige

tempête de neige

Ex: The harsh blizzard conditions were dangerous for travelers. 

Les conditions de blizzard sévères étaient dangereuses pour les voyageurs.

Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit
[Adjectif]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit

Ex: Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit. 

L'eau bout à 212 degrés Fahrenheit.

centigrade
centigrade
[Adjectif]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

centigrade

centigrade

Ex: Water freezes at 0 degrees centigrade. 

L'eau gèle à 0 degrés centigrades.

humid
humid
[Adjectif]

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

humide, moite

humide, moite

Ex: She felt sweaty and uncomfortable in the humid climate. 

Elle se sentait en sueur et mal à l'aise dans le climat humide.

monsoon
monsoon
[nom]

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

mousson

mousson

Ex: The monsoon rains can be both a blessing and a curse, providing relief from scorching temperatures while also causing flooding and landslides in some areas. 

Les pluies de mousson peuvent être à la fois une bénédiction et une malédiction, apportant un soulagement des températures torrides tout en provoquant des inondations et des glissements de terrain dans certaines régions.

thunder
thunder
[nom]

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

tonnerre

tonnerre

Ex: We heard the distant thunder and knew a storm was approaching. 

Nous avons entendu le tonnerre lointain et avons su qu'une tempête approchait.

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