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Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL - Окружающая среда и погода

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова об окружающей среде и погоде, такие как "экология", "очищать", "токсичный" и т. д., которые необходимы для экзамена TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
ecosystem
ecosystem
[существительное]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

экосистема

экосистема

Ex: Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that support a wide range of marine life. 
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ecology
ecology
[существительное]

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

экология

экология

Ex: Ecology examines how plants and animals adapt to their environments. 
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sanctuary
sanctuary
[существительное]

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

заповедник

заповедник

Ex: The wildlife sanctuary provides a safe habitat for endangered species to thrive. 
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green belt
green belt
[существительное]

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

зеленый пояс

зеленый пояс

Ex: Darlington should preserve its green belt. 
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reserve
reserve
[существительное]

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

заповедник

заповедник

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environmentalism
environmentalism
[существительное]

provision of care for the environment

защита окружающей среды

защита окружающей среды

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fossil fuel
fossil fuel
[существительное]

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

ископаемое топливо

ископаемое топливо

Ex: Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 
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alternative fuel
alternative fuel
[существительное]

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

альтернативное топливо

альтернативное топливо

Ex: Many people are switching to cars that run on alternative fuel to reduce pollution. 
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sustainable
sustainable
[прилагательное]

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

устойчивый

устойчивый

Ex: The farm practices sustainable agriculture. 
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zero-emission
zero-emission
[прилагательное]

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

нулевой выброс

нулевой выброс

Ex: Electric vehicles are considered zero-emission because they do not produce tailpipe emissions. 
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environmentally friendly
environmentally friendly
[прилагательное]

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

экологически чистый

экологически чистый

Ex: The company is committed to producing environmentally friendly goods made from sustainable resources. 
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biodegradable
biodegradable
[прилагательное]

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

биоразлагаемый

биоразлагаемый

Ex: Biodegradable food waste can be composted and turned into nutrient-rich soil. 
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eco-friendly
eco-friendly
[прилагательное]

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

экологически чистый

экологически чистый

Ex: The company switched to eco-friendly packaging made from recycled materials. 
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to refine
to refine
[глагол]

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

рафинировать

рафинировать

Ex: The water treatment plant uses filtration methods to refine drinking water and remove contaminants. 
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preservation
preservation
[существительное]

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

сохранение

сохранение

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nonrenewable
nonrenewable
[прилагательное]

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

невозобновляемый

невозобновляемый

Ex: Oil is a nonrenewable resource that will eventually run out if we continue to use it at the current rate. 
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conservation
conservation
[существительное]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

охрана природы

охрана природы

Ex: Conservation efforts are crucial to preserving endangered species and their habitats. 
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acid rain
acid rain
[существительное]

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

кислотный дождь

кислотный дождь

Ex: The once-clear mountain stream turned murky after years of acid rain falling on its watershed. 
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carbon footprint
carbon footprint
[существительное]

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

углеродный след

углеродный след

Ex: Flying frequently increases your carbon footprint significantly. 
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climate change
climate change
[существительное]

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

изменение климата

изменение климата

Ex: Climate change is a major concern for future generations. 
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wildfire
wildfire
[существительное]

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

дикий пожар

дикий пожар

Ex: The wildfire spread rapidly through the dry forest due to strong winds. 
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tsunami
tsunami
[существительное]

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

цунами

цунами

Ex: The devastating tsunami in 2004 wreaked havoc across coastal regions of Southeast Asia. 
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toxic
toxic
[прилагательное]

consisting of poisonous substances

токсичный

токсичный

Ex: The toxic fumes emitted by the factory posed a serious threat to the health of nearby residents. 
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pollutant
pollutant
[существительное]

any substance that is harmful to the environment

загрязнитель

загрязнитель

Ex: Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas pollutant emitted from burning fossil fuels. 
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greenhouse effect
greenhouse effect
[существительное]

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

парниковый эффект

парниковый эффект

Ex: The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon vital for sustaining life on Earth, but the enhanced greenhouse effect caused by human activities has accelerated climate change and its associated impacts. 
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smog
smog
[существительное]

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

смог

смог

Ex: The city's smog was so thick that it reduced visibility, making it difficult for drivers to see the road ahead. 
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ozone layer
ozone layer
[существительное]

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

озоновый слой

озоновый слой

Ex: The ozone layer is a region of the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation. 
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eruption
eruption
[существительное]

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

извержение

извержение

Ex: The volcanic eruption sent ash and lava flowing down the mountainside. 
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deforestation
deforestation
[существительное]

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

вырубка лесов

вырубка лесов

Ex: Large-scale deforestation is driven by the demand for agricultural land. 
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to contaminate
to contaminate
[глагол]

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

загрязнять

загрязнять

Ex: The factory's discharge pipes contaminated the river with toxic chemicals. 
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consumption
consumption
[существительное]

the act of using up something, such as resources, energy, or materials

потребление

потребление

Ex: The rapid consumption of fuel raised concerns about sustainability. 
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blizzard
blizzard
[существительное]

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

метель

метель

Ex: The blizzard made driving conditions hazardous. 
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Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit
[прилагательное]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

Фаренгейт

Фаренгейт

Ex: The forecast said it would be 86 degrees Fahrenheit today. 
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centigrade
centigrade
[прилагательное]

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

стоградусный

стоградусный

Ex: The weather reached 40 degrees centigrade today. 
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humid
humid
[прилагательное]

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

влажный

влажный

Ex: The humid weather made the air feel heavy and sticky. 
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monsoon
monsoon
[существительное]

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

муссон

муссон

Ex: Farmers eagerly anticipate the monsoon season as it brings much-needed rainfall to replenish parched fields and ensure a successful harvest. 
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thunder
thunder
[существительное]

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

гром

гром

Ex: The thunder rattled the windows during the intense storm. 
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