Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Ang Kapaligiran at Panahon

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosistema

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ekolohiya

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

santuwaryo, likas na reserba

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

berdeng sinturon, berde na zona

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

reserba, nakatagong lugar

provision of care for the environment

pangkapaligiran, ekolohiya

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

nakatagong gasolina, likas na gasolina

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

alternatibong gasolina, alternatibong panggatong

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

napapanatili, sustenable

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

zero-emisyon, walang emission

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

palakaibigan sa kalikasan, eco-friendly

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

biodegradable

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

eco-friendly, kaibigang kalikasan

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

i-refine, linisin

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

pagpapanatili, konserbasyon

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

hindi nababago, hindi maibabalik

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

konserbasyon, pag-iingat

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

maang maasim na ulan

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

carbon footprint, bakas ng carbon

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

pagbabago ng klima

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

gubat na sunog, ligaw na apoy

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

tsunami

consisting of poisonous substances

nakalason, nakalasoning

any substance that is harmful to the environment

pollutant, nakakapinsalaang substansya

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

greenhouse effect, pandaigdigang pag-init

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

smog

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

ozon na layer

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

pagsabog, pagputok

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

paggugubat

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

marumi, dumiin

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

paggamit, konsumo

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

malakas na snowstorm, blizzard

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

Fahrenheit, supling Fahrenheit

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

sentigrado, grado sentigrado

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

maalinsangan, basang

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

monsun, panahon ng tag-ulan

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

kulog, ingay