Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Mediul și vremea

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ecosistem

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

ecologie

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

sanctuar, rezervație naturală

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

cintura verde, zonă de protecție

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

rezervație, zonă protejată

provision of care for the environment

ecologism, protecția mediului

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

combustibil fosil, surse de energie fosile

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

combustibil alternativ, combustibil ecologic

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

sustenabil, ecologic

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

zero emisii, fără emisii

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

prietenos cu mediul, ecologic

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

biodegradabil

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

eco-prietenos, prietenos cu mediul

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

rafinare, purificare

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

păstrare, conservare

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

nerenovabil, iresursabil

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

conservare, protecție

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

ploaie acidă

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

amprentă de carbon, impactul de carbon

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

schimbările climatice

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

incendiu de pădure, foc de savană

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

tsunami

consisting of poisonous substances

toxic, veninos

any substance that is harmful to the environment

substanță poluantă, poluant

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

efectul de seră, încălzirea globală

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

smog

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

stratul de ozon

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

erupție, explozie

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

defrișare

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

contamina, polua

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

consum, utilizare

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

zăpadă abundentă, furtună de zăpadă

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

Fahrenheit, grad Fahrenheit

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

centigrad, grade Celsius

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

umid, murdar

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

monsun, sezonul musonului

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

tunet, murmur