واژگان ضروری برای TOEFL - محیط زیست و آب و هوا

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

بوم‌سازگان

the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other

بوم‌شناسی

an area for birds and animals to live and to be protected from dangerous conditions and being hunted

منطقه حفاظت‌شده

a strip of open land around a city where construction is prohibited in order to protect the environment

کمربند سبز

an area in which animals, etc. are protected

منطقه حفاظت‌شده

provision of care for the environment

حمایت از محیط‌زیست‌

a fuel that is found in nature and obtained from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago, such as coal and gas

سوخت فسیلی

any fuel that can be used instead of fossil fuels

سوخت جایگزین

using natural resources in a way that causes no harm to the environment

پایدار

(of a vehicle) not producing gases harmful to the environment

بدون‌آلاینده

referring to actions, products, or practices that aim to preserve or protect the natural environment

دوستدار محیط‌زیست

(of an object) able to be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria, which is then safe for the environment

تجزیه‌پذیر

referring to products, actions, or practices that are designed to cause minimal harm to the environment

سازگار با محیط‌زیست

to remove unwanted or harmful substances from another substance

تصفیه کردن

the action of keeping something the way it is or in good condition

نگهداری

(of a natural resource or source of energy) existing in limited amounts and not replaceable after being used

تجدیدناپذیر

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

حفظ منابع طبیعی

rain containing a great deal of acidic chemicals, caused by air pollution, which can harm the environment

باران اسیدی

the amount of carbon dioxide that an organization or person releases into the atmosphere

تأثیر کربن

a permanent change in global or regional climate patterns, including temperature, wind, and rainfall

تغییر آب‌وهوایی

a large fire that spreads fast and causes much destruction

آتش‌سوزی جنگل

a very high wave or series of waves caused by an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption

سونامی

consisting of poisonous substances

سمی

any substance that is harmful to the environment

آلاینده

a global problem that is caused by the increase of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide which results in gradual warming of the earth

اثر گلخانه‌ای

a combination of smoke and fog that is considered a form of air pollution

مه‌دود

a layer of gases in the earth's atmosphere that does not let the sun's ultraviolet radiation pass through

لایه اوزون

the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain

فوران آتشفشانی

the extensive removal of forests, typically causing environmental damage

جنگل‌زدایی

to make a place, substance, etc. dirty or harmful by adding dangerous material

آلوده کردن

the action or process of using a resource such as energy or food

مصرف

a storm with heavy snowfall and strong winds

کولاک

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 212° and freezes at 32°

فارنهایت (واحد سنجش دما)

related to or using a temperature scale on which water boils at 100° and freezes at 0°

سانتی‌گراد

(of the climate) having a lot of moisture in the air, causing an uncomfortable and sticky feeling

مرطوب (آب‌وهوا)

a period in the summer during which wind blows and rain falls in India or other hot South Asian countries

باران موسمی

the loud crackling noise that is heard from the sky during a storm

تندر