to make something even, flat, or straight

平らにする, 均す
to make a surface free from roughness

滑らかにする, 平らにする
to rub the surface of something, often using a brush or a piece of cloth, to make it bright, smooth, and shiny

磨く, 研磨する
to polish or shine a surface by rubbing it with a soft cloth or a special tool

磨く, 艶出しする
to rub a surface to make it smooth, shiny, or glossy, often using a tool or an abrasive material

磨く, 艶出しする
to rub a surface with sandpaper or another abrasive material to smooth, shape, or remove imperfections

研磨する, サンドペーパーで磨く
to cover a surface, typically a road or pathway, with a hard, flat material such as asphalt, concrete, or stones

舗装する, 敷き詰める
(of natural forces such as wind, water, or other environmental factors) to gradually wear away or diminish the surface of a material

浸食する, 削る
to make something no longer bent or curved

まっすぐにする, 直す
to reduce the thickness or height of something, making it less raised or elevated in its shape or form

平らにする, 均す
to make something less tight or more flexible

緩める, ゆるめる
to increase firmness or solidity of something

硬化する, 固める
to make something less firm or solid

柔らかくする, 和らげる
to sharpen a blade or edge using a tool specifically designed for sharpening

研ぐ, 鋭くする
to make an object pointed or sharper

研ぐ, 鋭くする
to cause something to change into one or more crystals

結晶化する, 結晶化させる
to break a substance down into small particles

粒状にする, 小さな粒子に分解する
to make something soft and puffy, often by shaking or arranging it for added volume

ふんわりさせる, 柔らかくする
to reduce the density of something

薄くする, 密度を減らす
to make something appear less clear or distinct

ぼかす, 不鮮明にする
to create folds or creases on a previously smooth surface

しわを寄せる, 折り目をつける
to cause a wrinkle or indentation on a surface

折り目をつける, しわを寄せる
to crush, fold, or wrinkle something, resulting in irregular and uneven creases

くしゃくしゃにする, しわくちゃにする
to bend something in a way that one part of it touches or covers another

折る, 畳む
to become twisted or knotted together in a confusing manner

もつれる, 絡まる
to bend an object into a particular shape, such as wire, cloth, etc.

ねじる, 曲げる
to twist or weave together, creating a complex and interconnected structure

絡み合う, 織り交ぜる
to bend or change shape, often due to pressure or exposure to heat

歪む, 変形する
to make something straight become curved or folded

曲げる, 折り曲げる
to twist or bend something out of its normal or natural shape

ねじ曲げる, 歪める
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