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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 人生の段階

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「埋葬」、「幼児」、「青年」など、人生の段階に関するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
adolescence
[名詞]

a period in one's life between puberty and adulthood

思春期, 青年期

思春期, 青年期

Ex: Adolescence can be a confusing period full of self-discovery .**思春期**は、自己発見に満ちた混乱した時期になることがあります。
adolescent
[名詞]

a young person who is in the process of becoming an adult

青年, 若者

青年, 若者

Ex: Adolescents often experience strong emotions as they grow .**思春期の若者**は、成長するにつれて強い感情を経験することがよくあります。
youth
[名詞]

a young man or teenage boy, typically in the stage of life between childhood and adulthood

若者, 青年

若者, 青年

Ex: The school organized a camp for local youths during the summer .学校は夏の間に地元の**若者**向けのキャンプを企画しました。
youthful
[形容詞]

having the characteristics that are typical of young people

若々しい, 青春の

若々しい, 青春の

Ex: The model 's youthful features and slender figure made her a favorite in the fashion industry .モデルの**若々しい**特徴とほっそりした体型は、彼女をファッション業界のお気に入りにしました。
adulthood
[名詞]

the period of being an adult, characterized by physical and psychological maturity

成人期, 大人の時期

成人期, 大人の時期

Ex: Adulthood is typically marked by legal recognition of a person as an adult, with the rights and duties that come with it.**成人期**は、通常、法的に成人として認められ、それに伴う権利と義務を持つことで特徴づけられます。
boyhood
[名詞]

the period of a male's life before he reaches adulthood

少年時代, 青春

少年時代, 青春

Ex: Though they hadn't spoken in years, they remained boyhood friends, forever connected by their shared past.何年も話していなかったが、彼らは**少年時代**の友達のままで、共有した過去によって永遠につながっていた。
girlhood
[名詞]

the period of a female individual's life before she reaches adulthood

少女時代, 女の子の頃

少女時代, 女の子の頃

Ex: The bond formed during their girlhood remained strong as Sarah and Emily navigated the challenges of adulthood together .サラとエミリーが成人期の課題に一緒に取り組む中で、**少女時代**に築かれた絆は強く残った。
infancy
[名詞]

the period or state of very early childhood

幼児期, 乳児期

幼児期, 乳児期

Ex: The memories of infancy are often hazy , but some people claim to recall snippets of their early experiences .**幼少期**の記憶はしばしば曖昧ですが、自分の初期の経験の断片を思い出せると主張する人もいます。
infant
[名詞]

a very young child, typically from birth to around one year old

乳児, 赤ちゃん

乳児, 赤ちゃん

Ex: Infant mortality rates have decreased significantly over the years due to advancements in medical technology and prenatal care.医療技術と出生前ケアの進歩により、**乳児**死亡率は長年にわたって大幅に減少しました。
maturity
[名詞]

the state and quality of being mentally and behaviorally rational and sensible

成熟, 分別

成熟, 分別

Ex: Mary 's artwork displayed a level of maturity beyond her years , drawing praise from critics and art enthusiasts alike .メアリーの芸術作品は、彼女の年齢を超えた**成熟度**を示し、批評家やアート愛好家の称賛を集めました。
premature
[形容詞]

(of a baby) born before completing the normal full-term pregnancy length

早産の

早産の

Ex: The doctors provided special care for the premature baby in the neonatal intensive care unit.医師たちは新生児集中治療室で**未熟児**に特別なケアを提供しました。
teens
[名詞]

the period of one's life between the age of 13 and 19

10代, ティーンエイジャーの時期

10代, ティーンエイジャーの時期

Ex: They made many memories during their late teens before leaving for college .彼らは大学に行く前に**10代**の間に多くの思い出を作りました。

a disappointment, lack of confidence or worry that a person may feel or experience in their life when they are 40 or 50 years old

中年の危機, 四十代の危機

中年の危機, 四十代の危機

anniversary
[名詞]

the date on which a special event happened in a previous year

記念日

記念日

Ex: This weekend is the anniversary of when we moved into our new home .今週末は、私たちが新しい家に引っ越した**記念日**です。
burial
[名詞]

the act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried

埋葬, 葬式

埋葬, 葬式

childbirth
[名詞]

the process in which a baby is born

出産,  分娩

出産, 分娩

pregnancy
[名詞]

the state of being with child

妊娠

妊娠

elder
[名詞]

(plural) people who are older, wiser and more experienced than others

年長者, 長老

年長者, 長老

engagement
[名詞]

an agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement

婚約, エンゲージメント

婚約, エンゲージメント

Ex: They decided to delay the engagement party until after the holidays .彼らは休暇後まで**婚約**パーティーを延期することに決めました。
funeral
[名詞]

a religious ceremony in which people bury or cremate a dead person

葬式, 葬儀

葬式, 葬儀

Ex: The funeral procession made its way to the cemetery , where she was laid to rest beside her husband .**葬列**は墓地に向かい、彼女は夫の隣に埋葬されました。
juvenile
[形容詞]

relating to young people who have not reached adulthood yet

少年

少年

Ex: The juvenile court system focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment for underage offenders.**少年**裁判制度は、未成年の犯罪者に対して罰則ではなく更生に焦点を当てています。
underage
[形容詞]

not old enough to legally engage in certain activities such as drinking or getting a driver's license

未成年, 年齢が足りない

未成年, 年齢が足りない

Ex: The club was fined for serving alcohol to underage patrons during a recent inspection .最近の検査中に**未成年**の客にアルコールを提供したとして、そのクラブは罰金を科された。
widow
[名詞]

a married woman whose spouse is dead and has not married again

未亡人, 寡婦

未亡人, 寡婦

Ex: He left behind a widow and two young children .彼は**未亡人**と二人の幼い子供を残した。
widower
[名詞]

a man whose spouse is dead and has not remarried

未亡人, 男やもめ

未亡人, 男やもめ

Ex: The widower continued to wear his wedding ring as a symbol of his love .**未亡人**は愛の象徴として結婚指輪を付け続けました。
orphan
[名詞]

a child whose parents have died

孤児, みなしご

孤児, みなしご

Ex: The orphan's resilience and strength inspired those around them , despite facing unimaginable loss at a young age .**孤児**の回復力と強さは、若い年齢で想像を絶する喪失に直面しているにもかかわらず、周囲の人々にインスピレーションを与えました。
elderly
[形容詞]

advanced in age

高齢の, 年配の

高齢の, 年配の

Ex: The elderly gentleman greeted everyone with a warm smile and a twinkle in his eye .**年配の**紳士は、温かい笑顔と瞳の輝きで皆に挨拶しました。

a period of time when a woman can take a break from working and stay home before and after the birth of her child

産休

産休

Ex: Maternity leave allowed her to bond with her newborn without worrying about work responsibilities .**産休**は、仕事の責任を気にすることなく、彼女が新生児と絆を深めることを可能にしました。
middle-aged
[形容詞]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

中年の

中年の

Ex: A middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election .**中年**の女性が今度の選挙に立候補していた。
to pass away
[動詞]

to no longer be alive

亡くなる, 逝去する

亡くなる, 逝去する

Ex: My grandfather passed away last year after a long illness .私の祖父は長い病気の後、昨年**亡くなりました**。
retirement
[名詞]

the period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age

退職, 引退

退職, 引退

Ex: Retirement allowed him to spend more time with his grandchildren .**退職**は、彼が孫とより多くの時間を過ごすことを可能にしました。
senior
[形容詞]

related to individuals who are considered elderly

高齢の, シニア

高齢の, シニア

Ex: The senior member of the team provides guidance and mentorship to younger colleagues .チームの**シニア**メンバーは、若い同僚に指導とメンタリングを提供します。
toddler
[名詞]

a young child who is starting to learn how to walk

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

幼児, 歩き始めた子供

Ex: They took the toddler to the park , where he enjoyed playing on the swings .彼らは**幼児**を公園に連れて行き、そこで彼はブランコで遊ぶのを楽しんだ。
grownup
[名詞]

(used by children or when talking to them) an adult who is fully matured and responsible

大人, 大きい

大人, 大きい

Ex: Despite the challenges , embracing the role of a grownup can lead to personal growth and fulfillment .課題にもかかわらず、**大人**の役割を受け入れることは、個人の成長と充実につながる可能性があります。
TOEFL のための基本語彙
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