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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 人生の段階

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「埋葬」「幼児」「青年」など、人生の段階に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
adolescence
[名詞]

a period in one's life between puberty and adulthood

思春期, 青春期

思春期, 青春期

adolescent
[名詞]

a young person who is in the process of becoming an adult

青年(せいねん), 思春期の若者(ししゅんきのわかもの)

青年(せいねん), 思春期の若者(ししゅんきのわかもの)

Ex: Adolescents often experience strong emotions as they grow .
youth
[名詞]

a young man or teenage boy, typically in the stage of life between childhood and adulthood

若者 (わかもの), 青年 (せいねん)

若者 (わかもの), 青年 (せいねん)

youthful
[形容詞]

having the characteristics that are typical of young people

若々しい, 青年のような

若々しい, 青年のような

Ex: The modelyouthful features and slender figure made her a favorite in the fashion industry .
adulthood
[名詞]

the period of being an adult, characterized by physical and psychological maturity

成人期, 大人の時期

成人期, 大人の時期

boyhood
[名詞]

the period of a male's life before he reaches adulthood

少年期(しょうねんき), 男の子の時代(おとこのこ の じだい)

少年期(しょうねんき), 男の子の時代(おとこのこ の じだい)

girlhood
[名詞]

the period of a female individual's life before she reaches adulthood

少女時代 (しょうじょじだい), 少女期 (しょうじょき)

少女時代 (しょうじょじだい), 少女期 (しょうじょき)

infancy
[名詞]

the period or state of very early childhood

幼児期, 乳幼児期

幼児期, 乳幼児期

infant
[名詞]

a very young child, typically from birth to around one year old

乳児 (にゅうじ), 赤ちゃん (あかちゃん)

乳児 (にゅうじ), 赤ちゃん (あかちゃん)

maturity
[名詞]

the state and quality of being mentally and behaviorally rational and sensible

成熟 (せいじゅく), 成長 (せいちょう)

成熟 (せいじゅく), 成長 (せいちょう)

premature
[形容詞]

(of a baby) born before completing the normal full-term pregnancy length

早産の, 未熟児の

早産の, 未熟児の

Ex: She gave birth to twins , one of whom was premature but healthy .
teens
[名詞]

the period of one's life between the age of 13 and 19

ティーンズ, 十代(じゅうだい)

ティーンズ, 十代(じゅうだい)

Ex: They made many memories during their teens before leaving for college .

a disappointment, lack of confidence or worry that a person may feel or experience in their life when they are 40 or 50 years old

中年の危機, ミッドライフクライシス

中年の危機, ミッドライフクライシス

anniversary
[名詞]

the date on which a special event happened in a previous year

記念日, 周年

記念日, 周年

Ex: This weekend is anniversary of when we moved into our new home .
burial
[名詞]

the act of burying a dead body or the ceremony in which a dead body is buried

埋葬(まいそう), 葬儀(そうぎ)

埋葬(まいそう), 葬儀(そうぎ)

childbirth
[名詞]

the process in which a baby is born

出産 (しゅっさん), 分娩 (ぶんべん)

出産 (しゅっさん), 分娩 (ぶんべん)

pregnancy
[名詞]

the state of being with child

妊娠(にんしん), 妊娠状態(にんしんじょうたい)

妊娠(にんしん), 妊娠状態(にんしんじょうたい)

elder
[名詞]

(plural) people who are older, wiser and more experienced than others

長老, 先輩

長老, 先輩

engagement
[名詞]

an agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement

婚約(こんやく), 約束(やくそく)

婚約(こんやく), 約束(やくそく)

Ex: They decided to delay engagement party until after the holidays .
funeral
[名詞]

a religious ceremony in which people bury or cremate a dead person

葬儀 (そうぎ),  funeral (ふねらる)

葬儀 (そうぎ), funeral (ふねらる)

Ex: funeral procession made its way to the cemetery , where she was laid to rest beside her husband .
juvenile
[形容詞]

relating to young people who have not reached adulthood yet

未成年の, 青少年の

未成年の, 青少年の

Ex: He pleaded guilty to charges juvenile vandalism for spray-painting graffiti on public property .
underage
[形容詞]

not old enough to legally engage in certain activities such as drinking or getting a driver's license

未成年の, 年齢制限未満の

未成年の, 年齢制限未満の

widow
[名詞]

a married woman whose spouse is dead and has not married again

未亡人 (みぼうじん), 寡婦 (かふ)

未亡人 (みぼうじん), 寡婦 (かふ)

widower
[名詞]

a man whose spouse is dead and has not remarried

未亡人の夫 (みぼうじんのおっと), 寡夫 (かふ)

未亡人の夫 (みぼうじんのおっと), 寡夫 (かふ)

orphan
[名詞]

a child whose parents have died

孤児 (こじ), オーファン

孤児 (こじ), オーファン

elderly
[形容詞]

advanced in age

高齢の(こうれいの), 年配の(ねんぱいの)

高齢の(こうれいの), 年配の(ねんぱいの)

a period of time when a woman can take a break from working and stay home before and after the birth of her child

産休(さんきゅう), 母性休暇(ぼせいきゅうか)

産休(さんきゅう), 母性休暇(ぼせいきゅうか)

middle-aged
[形容詞]

(of a person) approximately between 45 to 65 years old, typically indicating a stage of life between young adulthood and old age

中年の, ミドルエイジの

中年の, ミドルエイジの

Ex: middle-aged woman was running for office in the upcoming election .
to pass away
[動詞]

to no longer be alive

亡くなる(なくなる), 死去する(しきょする)

亡くなる(なくなる), 死去する(しきょする)

Ex: My passed away last year after a long illness .
retirement
[名詞]

the period during someone's life when they stop working often due to reaching a certain age

退職, リタイアメント

退職, リタイアメント

Ex: Retirement allowed him to spend more time with his grandchildren .
senior
[形容詞]

related to individuals who are considered elderly

高齢者の, シニアの

高齢者の, シニアの

Ex: senior member of the team provides guidance and mentorship to younger colleagues .
toddler
[名詞]

a young child who is starting to learn how to walk

幼児 (ようじ), 幼い子供 (おさないこども)

幼児 (ようじ), 幼い子供 (おさないこども)

Ex: They took toddler to the park , where he enjoyed playing on the swings .
grownup
[名詞]

(used by children or when talking to them) an adult who is fully matured and responsible

大人, 成人

大人, 成人

Ex: Despite the challenges , embracing the role of grownup can lead to personal growth and fulfillment .
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