Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 8 i Wyżej) - Finanse

a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame

umowa kupna lub sprzedaży towaru po określonej cenie

the official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents

an act of spending less money during difficult financial times

zmniejszenie wydatków

the rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

Cykl koniunkturalny

a service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income

dojną krową

the amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated

dochód netto

a financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization

nadzorca finansowy

the acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control

nabycia spółki lub jej akcji

the money one owns in a property after paying back any money one borrowed to buy it

wartość aktywów netto

a thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones

metody zapobiegania stratom finansowym

a company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted

przychody lub sprzedaż firmy

the movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being

przepływ pieniędzy

a decline in something's price or value

amortyzacja (finansowa)

an agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power

kartel

the acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

nabycia spółki i jej akcji

a financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold

rynek kapitałowy

the act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

kupić spółkę i później sprzedać jej akcje