Академический IELTS (Уровень 8 и Выше) - Финансы

a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame

договор купли-продажи товара по определенной цене

the official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents

an act of spending less money during difficult financial times

сокращение расходов

the rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

бизнес цикл

a service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income

дойная корова

the amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated

итоговая сумма по счету

a financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization

финансовый инспектор

the acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control

приобретение компании или ее акций

the money one owns in a property after paying back any money one borrowed to buy it

собственный капитал

a thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones

хеджирование

a company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted

выручка или продажи компании

the movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being

поток наличных

a decline in something's price or value

обесценивание

an agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power

картель

the acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

приобретение компании и ее акций

a financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold

рынок капитала

the act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

покупка компании, а затем продажа ее акций