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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 8-9) - Finance

Here, you will learn some English words related to Finance that are necessary for the Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
option
[noun]

a contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined price within a specified time frame

Ex: Investors often use call options to speculate on the potential price increase of a particular stock within a defined period.
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book
[noun]

the official record of financial transactions and accounts for a business, including ledgers, journals, and other accounting documents

Ex: The CFO presented the quarterly financial report , highlighting key figures from the companybooks to the board of directors .
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an act of spending less money during difficult financial times

Ex: During the recession , our family had to belt-tightening.
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the rhythmic pattern of economic growth and decline, consisting of phases such as expansion, peak, contraction, and trough

Ex: Businesses that can adapt to the cyclical nature of the economy by diversifying their products or services may be more resilient across various phases of business cycle.
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cash cow
[noun]

a service or product that provides a business or company with a stable income

Ex: The investment in renewable energy has turned out to be cash cow for the company , providing a reliable source of income .
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the amount that was profited or lost in an organization or company after everything was calculated

Ex: Increasing revenue and reducing expenses are essential strategies for improving bottom line.
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a financial officer responsible for managing and overseeing the financial accounts and budgets of an organization

Ex: In the military , comptroller plays a crucial role in managing the budget , allocating resources for various operational needs .
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buyout
[noun]

the acquisition of a company or a controlling interest in a company's shares, often initiated by an outside entity or a group of investors, resulting in a change of ownership and control

Ex: In a leveraged buyout, the acquiring entity used a significant amount of debt to finance the purchase of a majority stake in the retail chain.
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equity
[noun]

the money one owns in a property after paying back any money one borrowed to buy it

Ex: She gained equity in her home after paying off part of the mortgage .
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hedge
[noun]

a thing or method that protects one against potential problems, particularly financial ones

Ex: An hedge can be an effective way to limit potential losses in a volatile market .
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top line
[noun]

a company's gross sales or revenues, before any costs or expenses are deducted

Ex: The CEO emphasized the importance of driving top line growth during the quarterly earnings call.
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cash flow
[noun]

the movement of money in and out of a business or financial system, indicating its liquidity and financial well-being

Ex: A consistent cash flow may indicate financial distress , prompting businesses to implement cost-cutting measures or seek additional financing .
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a decline in something's price or value

Ex: Economic uncertainty has resulted in depreciation of stock prices across various sectors .
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cartel
[noun]

an agreement among independent entities, often businesses, to control prices, production, and distribution in a specific industry, reducing competition and increasing market power

Ex: Certain cartels collaborate to fix prices and control the distribution of crops , impacting the agricultural sector 's dynamics .
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takeover
[noun]

the acquisition of a company, leading to a change in ownership and often involving the purchase of a substantial portion of its shares

Ex: The pharmaceutical companytakeover strategy aimed to diversify its product portfolio and strengthen its market position .
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a financial market where long-term debt or equity-backed securities are bought and sold

Ex: Financial institutions provide various services such as underwriting and brokerage to participants in capital market.
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the act of buying a company and then selling its assets separately, often at a profit, without regard for the company's long-term viability

Ex: Regulators have implemented measures to prevent asset stripping and protect the interests of shareholders and other stakeholders.
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