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Гуманітарні Науки ACT - Релігія та Вірування

Тут ви вивчите деякі англійські слова, пов’язані з релігією та віруваннями, такі як "світський", "обряд", "божество" тощо, які допоможуть вам успішно скласти ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[іменник]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Святе Письмо, Священні Писання

Святе Письмо, Священні Писання

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
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deity
deity
[іменник]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

божество, бог

божество, бог

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
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altar
altar
[іменник]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

вівтар

вівтар

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
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providence
providence
[іменник]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

провидіння, божественне провидіння

провидіння, божественне провидіння

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
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rite
rite
[іменник]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

обряд, церемонія

обряд, церемонія

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
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mosque
mosque
[іменник]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

мечеть

мечеть

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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clergy
clergy
[іменник]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

духовенство, клір

духовенство, клір

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
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monk
monk
[іменник]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

чернець, монах

чернець, монах

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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disciple
disciple
[іменник]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

учень,  послідовник

учень, послідовник

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
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denomination
denomination
[іменник]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

конфесія, деноминація

конфесія, деноминація

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
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hymn
hymn
[іменник]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

гімн, псалом

гімн, псалом

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
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gospel
gospel
[іменник]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

євангеліє, вчення

євангеліє, вчення

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
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pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[іменник]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

паломництво, релігійна подорож

паломництво, релігійна подорож

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
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dogma
dogma
[іменник]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

догма, вірування

догма, вірування

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
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motto
motto
[іменник]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

девіз, гасло

девіз, гасло

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
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credo
credo
[іменник]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

кредо, сповідання віри

кредо, сповідання віри

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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spiritualism
spiritualism
[іменник]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

спіритизм, спіритуалізм

спіритизм, спіритуалізм

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
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rationalism
rationalism
[іменник]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

раціоналізм, раціональність

раціоналізм, раціональність

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determinism
determinism
[іменник]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

детермінізм, фаталізм

детермінізм, фаталізм

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fundamentalism
fundamentalism
[іменник]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

фундаменталізм, інтегристський рух

фундаменталізм, інтегристський рух

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
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empiricism
empiricism
[іменник]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

емпіризм, емпіризм

емпіризм, емпіризм

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
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individualism
individualism
[іменник]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

індивідуалізм, індивідуалізм

індивідуалізм, індивідуалізм

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
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consumerism
consumerism
[іменник]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

споживацтво,  матеріалізм

споживацтво, матеріалізм

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
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materialism
materialism
[іменник]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

матеріалізм, філософія матеріалізму

матеріалізм, філософія матеріалізму

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dualism
dualism
[іменник]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

дуалізм, вчення про дуалізм

дуалізм, вчення про дуалізм

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
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egalitarian
egalitarian
[іменник]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

егалітарист, прихильник рівності

егалітарист, прихильник рівності

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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utilitarian
utilitarian
[іменник]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

утилітарист

утилітарист

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
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pacifist
pacifist
[іменник]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

пацифіст

пацифіст

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
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zealot
zealot
[іменник]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

фанатик, зелот

фанатик, зелот

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
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radical
radical
[іменник]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

радикал, екстреміст

радикал, екстреміст

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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abolitionist
abolitionist
[іменник]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

аболіціоніст, прихильник скасування

аболіціоніст, прихильник скасування

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
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extremist
extremist
[прикметник]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

екстремістський

екстремістський

Ex: The extremist group was responsible for several terrorist attacks in the region. 
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martyr
martyr
[іменник]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

мученик, шахід

мученик, шахід

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
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benediction
benediction
[іменник]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

благословення, молитва благословення

благословення, молитва благословення

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
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to minister
to minister
[дієслово]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

служити, проповідувати

служити, проповідувати

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
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to baptize
to baptize
[дієслово]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

хрестити, занурювати у воду

хрестити, занурювати у воду

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
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to espouse
to espouse
[дієслово]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

приймати, підтримувати

приймати, підтримувати

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to consecrate
to consecrate
[дієслово]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

освячувати, присвячувати

освячувати, присвячувати

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
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sacred
sacred
[прикметник]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

священний, святий

священний, святий

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
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secular
secular
[прикметник]

not concerned or connected with religion

світський, секулярний

світський, секулярний

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
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pagan
pagan
[іменник]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

язичник

язичник

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
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