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Гуманитарные Науки ACT - Религия и верования

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с религией и верованиями, такие как «светский», «обряд», «божество» и т. д., которые помогут вам улучшить свои навыки ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
[существительное]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Священное писание, Писание

Священное писание, Писание

Ex: Scripture readings are integral to Christian worship services , with passages chosen based on the liturgical calendar or thematic focus .
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deity
[существительное]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

божество

божество

Ex: deity's followers celebrated their faith with elaborate rituals .
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altar
[существительное]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

алтарь

алтарь

Ex: The priest placed the chalice and paten on altar before the Eucharistic celebration .
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providence
[существительное]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

провидение, божье провидение

провидение, божье провидение

Ex: Believers express gratitude for providence of God , acknowledging blessings and unexpected positive outcomes in their lives .
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rite
[существительное]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

обряд, ритуал

обряд, ритуал

Ex: During the Easter service , the congregation participated in the rite of communion .
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mosque
[существительное]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

мечеть

мечеть

Ex: He listened to the imam 's sermon during the weekly Friday sermon at mosque.
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clergy
[существительное]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

духовенство

духовенство

Ex: The church was filled clergy from different denominations .
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monk
[существительное]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

монах

монах

Ex: monk's robe and shaved head were symbols of his commitment to his religious order .
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disciple
[существительное]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

ученик, апостол

ученик, апостол

Ex: The philosopherdisciples carried on his legacy by teaching future generations about his ideas and principles .
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denomination
[существительное]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

деноминация, конфессия

деноминация, конфессия

Ex: She converted to a denomination of Christianity after studying its beliefs and practices .
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hymn
[существительное]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

псалом

псалом

Ex: The choir performed a hymn during the Easter celebration .
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Gospel
[существительное]

the written message or teachings of a religious leader that is accepted by their followers

евангелие

евангелие

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pilgrimage
[существительное]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

паломничество, путешествие к святыне

паломничество, путешествие к святыне

Ex: The annual Thaipusam festival in Malaysia involves pilgrimage to the Batu Caves , where devotees perform acts of devotion and penance .
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dogma
[существительное]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

догма

догма

Ex: The cultdogma required followers to adhere to a set of rigid and unquestionable rules .
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motto
[существительное]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

девиз, лозунг

девиз, лозунг

Ex: The companymotto, " Innovation for Tomorrow , " reflects its commitment to forward-thinking and progress .
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credo
[существительное]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

кредо, вероисповедание

кредо, вероисповедание

Ex: The educatorcredo may prioritize fostering a love of learning , equity in education , and the holistic development of students .
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spiritualism
[существительное]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

спиритуализм

спиритуализм

Ex: Spiritualism gained popularity in the 19th century as people sought to contact the dead .
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rationalism
[существительное]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

рационализм

рационализм

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idealism
[существительное]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

идеализм

идеализм

Ex: The teacher idealism, asking students to envision a perfect future .
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determinism
[существительное]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

детерминизм

детерминизм

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fundamentalism
[существительное]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

фундаментализм, основополагающий принцип

фундаментализм, основополагающий принцип

Ex: fundamentalism seeks to implement Sharia law based on a strict interpretation of the Quran .
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empiricism
[существительное]

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

эмпиризм

эмпиризм

Ex: Critics empiricism argue that it may overlook the importance of a priori knowledge and the inherent structures of the mind that influence how we perceive and interpret experiences .
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individualism
[существительное]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

индивидуализм, индивидуальность

индивидуализм, индивидуальность

Ex: The debate individualism and collectivism is central to many political and social theories .
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consumerism
[существительное]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

потребительство

потребительство

Ex: Advertising plays a significant role in consumerism by persuading people to buy products they may not necessarily need .
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materialism
[существительное]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

материализм

материализм

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dualism
[существительное]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

двоичность, дуализм

двоичность, дуализм

Ex: dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories .
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egalitarian
[существительное]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

равноправие

равноправие

Ex: egalitarian’s speech inspired many to join the movement for racial equality .
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utilitarian
[существительное]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

утилитарист, утилитарный философ

утилитарист, утилитарный философ

Ex: Utilitarians prioritize the greatest good for the greatest number , aiming to achieve the most favorable outcomes for society as a whole .
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pacifist
[существительное]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

миролюбивый

миролюбивый

Ex: Despite threats , pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .
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zealot
[существительное]

a person with very strong opinions on different matters such as religion or politics who tries to impose them on others

фанатик

фанатик

Ex: The zealot was known for his extreme views and unwavering commitment to his party 's agenda .
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radical
[существительное]

a person whose political inclination is social and political change

радикальный

радикальный

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abolitionist
[существительное]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

аболиционист, борец за полное уничтожение

аболиционист, борец за полное уничтожение

Ex: Susan B. Anthony was not only a suffragist but also abolitionist who fought for the rights of women and slaves .
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extremist
[прилагательное]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

экстремистский

экстремистский

Ex: Despite widespread condemnation , extremist organization continued to recruit members through online propaganda .
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martyr
[существительное]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

мученик

мученик

Ex: The group honored martyr who sacrificed their life for freedom .
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benediction
[существительное]

a prayer asking for blessing and protection

благословение

благословение

Ex: Each night , the grandmother would offer benediction over her sleeping grandchildren .
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to minister
[глагол]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

министерствовать, служить

министерствовать, служить

Ex: The religious leader continued minister, delivering sermons and conducting ceremonies for the congregation .
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to baptize
[глагол]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

крестить, окрестить

крестить, окрестить

Ex: The priest baptized the baby , welcoming them into the community of believers .
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to espouse
[глагол]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

поддерживать

поддерживать

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to consecrate
[глагол]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

освящать

освящать

Ex: The priest used sacred oils consecrate the baptismal font , setting it apart for the initiation of new members into the faith .
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sacred
[прилагательное]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

священный

священный

Ex: sacred symbols adorning the shrine hold spiritual significance for believers .
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secular
[прилагательное]

not concerned or connected with religion

светский

светский

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .
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pagan
[существительное]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

язычник

язычник

Ex: The community pagans gathered to share traditions and rituals .
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Гуманитарные Науки ACT
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