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Гуманитарные Науки ACT - Религия и Верования

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с религией и верованиями, такие как "светский", "обряд", "божество" и т.д., которые помогут вам сдать ACT на отлично.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[существительное]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Священное Писание, Священные Писания

Священное Писание, Священные Писания

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
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deity
deity
[существительное]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

божество

божество

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
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altar
altar
[существительное]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

алтарь

алтарь

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
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providence
providence
[существительное]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

провидение, божественное провидение

провидение, божественное провидение

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
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rite
rite
[существительное]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

обряд, церемония

обряд, церемония

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
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mosque
mosque
[существительное]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

мечеть

мечеть

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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clergy
clergy
[существительное]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

духовенство

духовенство

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
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monk
monk
[существительное]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

монах

монах

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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disciple
disciple
[существительное]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

ученик, апостол

ученик, апостол

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
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denomination
denomination
[существительное]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

конфессия, деноминация

конфессия, деноминация

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
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hymn
hymn
[существительное]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

псалом

псалом

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
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gospel
gospel
[существительное]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

евангелие

евангелие

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
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pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[существительное]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

паломничество, религиозное путешествие

паломничество, религиозное путешествие

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
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dogma
dogma
[существительное]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

догма

догма

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
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motto
motto
[существительное]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

девиз, лозунг

девиз, лозунг

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
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credo
credo
[существительное]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

кредо, исповедание веры

кредо, исповедание веры

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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spiritualism
spiritualism
[существительное]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

спиритуализм

спиритуализм

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
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rationalism
rationalism
[существительное]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

рационализм

рационализм

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idealism
idealism
[существительное]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

идеализм

идеализм

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
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determinism
determinism
[существительное]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

детерминизм

детерминизм

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fundamentalism
fundamentalism
[существительное]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

фундаментализм, интегризм

фундаментализм, интегризм

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
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empiricism
empiricism
[существительное]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

эмпиризм

эмпиризм

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
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individualism
individualism
[существительное]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

индивидуализм, индивидуализм

индивидуализм, индивидуализм

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
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consumerism
consumerism
[существительное]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

потребительство

потребительство

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
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materialism
materialism
[существительное]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

материализм

материализм

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dualism
dualism
[существительное]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

дуализм, учение о дуализме

дуализм, учение о дуализме

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
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egalitarian
egalitarian
[существительное]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

равноправие

равноправие

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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utilitarian
utilitarian
[существительное]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

утилитарист

утилитарист

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
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pacifist
pacifist
[существительное]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

миролюбивый

миролюбивый

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
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zealot
zealot
[существительное]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

фанатик

фанатик

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
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radical
radical
[существительное]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

радикальный

радикальный

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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abolitionist
abolitionist
[существительное]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

аболиционист, сторонник отмены

аболиционист, сторонник отмены

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
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extremist
extremist
[прилагательное]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

экстремистский

экстремистский

Ex: The extremist group was responsible for several terrorist attacks in the region. 
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martyr
martyr
[существительное]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

мученик

мученик

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
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benediction
benediction
[существительное]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

благословение

благословение

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
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to minister
to minister
[глагол]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

служить, проповедовать

служить, проповедовать

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
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to baptize
to baptize
[глагол]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

крестить, погружать в воду

крестить, погружать в воду

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
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to espouse
to espouse
[глагол]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

поддерживать

поддерживать

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to consecrate
to consecrate
[глагол]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

освящать

освящать

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
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sacred
sacred
[прилагательное]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

священный

священный

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
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secular
secular
[прилагательное]

not concerned or connected with religion

светский

светский

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
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pagan
pagan
[существительное]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

язычник

язычник

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
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