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Humanitní Vědy ACT - Náboženství a Víra

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s náboženstvím a vírou, jako jsou "sekulární", "obřad", "božstvo" atd., která vám pomohou uspět u vašich ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[Podstatné jméno]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Písmo svaté, Svatá písma

Písmo svaté, Svatá písma

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
deity
deity
[Podstatné jméno]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

božstvo, bůh

božstvo, bůh

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
altar
altar
[Podstatné jméno]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

oltář, stůl pro přijímání

oltář, stůl pro přijímání

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
providence
providence
[Podstatné jméno]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

prozřetelnost, božská prozřetelnost

prozřetelnost, božská prozřetelnost

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
rite
rite
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

obřad, ceremoniál

obřad, ceremoniál

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
mosque
mosque
[Podstatné jméno]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

mešita, místo muslimského uctívání

mešita, místo muslimského uctívání

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
clergy
clergy
[Podstatné jméno]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

duchovenstvo, klérus

duchovenstvo, klérus

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
monk
monk
[Podstatné jméno]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

mnich, řeholník

mnich, řeholník

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
disciple
disciple
[Podstatné jméno]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

učedník,  následovník

učedník, následovník

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
denomination
denomination
[Podstatné jméno]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

vyznání, denominace

vyznání, denominace

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
hymn
hymn
[Podstatné jméno]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

hymnus, náboženská píseň

hymnus, náboženská píseň

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
gospel
gospel
[Podstatné jméno]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

evangelium, nauka

evangelium, nauka

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[Podstatné jméno]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

pouť, náboženská cesta

pouť, náboženská cesta

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
dogma
dogma
[Podstatné jméno]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

dogma, víra

dogma, víra

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
motto
motto
[Podstatné jméno]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

motto, heslo

motto, heslo

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
credo
credo
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, vyznání víry

credo, vyznání víry

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
spiritualism
spiritualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

spiritismus, spiritualismus

spiritismus, spiritualismus

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
rationalism
rationalism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

racionalismus, rozumářství

racionalismus, rozumářství

determinism
determinism
[Podstatné jméno]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

determinismus, fatalismus

determinismus, fatalismus

fundamentalism
fundamentalism
[Podstatné jméno]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

fundamentalismus, integrismus

fundamentalismus, integrismus

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
empiricism
empiricism
[Podstatné jméno]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

empirismus, empirismus

empirismus, empirismus

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
individualism
individualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

individualismus, individualismus

individualismus, individualismus

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
consumerism
consumerism
[Podstatné jméno]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

konzumerismus,  materialismus

konzumerismus, materialismus

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
materialism
materialism
[Podstatné jméno]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialismus, materialistická filozofie

materialismus, materialistická filozofie

dualism
dualism
[Podstatné jméno]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

dualismus, nauka o dualismu

dualismus, nauka o dualismu

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
egalitarian
egalitarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

egalitář, zastánce rovnosti

egalitář, zastánce rovnosti

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
utilitarian
utilitarian
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

utilitarista

utilitarista

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
pacifist
pacifist
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

pacifista

pacifista

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
zealot
zealot
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

fanatik, horlivec

fanatik, horlivec

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
radical
radical
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

radikál, extremista

radikál, extremista

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
abolitionist
abolitionist
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

abolicionista, příznivec zrušení

abolicionista, příznivec zrušení

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
extremist
extremist
[Přídavné jméno]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

extremistický

extremistický

Ex: The extremist group was responsible for several terrorist attacks in the region. 
martyr
martyr
[Podstatné jméno]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

mučedník, mučednice

mučedník, mučednice

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
benediction
benediction
[Podstatné jméno]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

požehnání, modlitba požehnání

požehnání, modlitba požehnání

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
to minister
to minister
[sloveso]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

sloužit, kázat

sloužit, kázat

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
to baptize
to baptize
[sloveso]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

křtít, ponořit do vody

křtít, ponořit do vody

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
to espouse
to espouse
[sloveso]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

přijmout, podporovat

přijmout, podporovat

to consecrate
to consecrate
[sloveso]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

posvětit, zasvětit

posvětit, zasvětit

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
sacred
sacred
[Přídavné jméno]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

posvátný, svatý

posvátný, svatý

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
secular
secular
[Přídavné jméno]

not concerned or connected with religion

sekulární, světský

sekulární, světský

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
pagan
pagan
[Podstatné jméno]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

pohan, polyteista

pohan, polyteista

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
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