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ACT 人文学科 - 宗教与信仰

在这里,你将学习一些与宗教和信仰相关的英语单词,如“世俗”、“仪式”、“神”等,这些将帮助你在ACT考试中取得好成绩。

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[名词]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

圣经, 圣典

圣经, 圣典

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
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deity
deity
[名词]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

神, 神明

神, 神明

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
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altar
altar
[名词]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

祭坛, 圣餐台

祭坛, 圣餐台

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
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providence
providence
[名词]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

天意, 神的天意

天意, 神的天意

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
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rite
rite
[名词]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

仪式, 典礼

仪式, 典礼

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
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mosque
mosque
[名词]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

清真寺, 穆斯林礼拜场所

清真寺, 穆斯林礼拜场所

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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clergy
clergy
[名词]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

神职人员, 牧师

神职人员, 牧师

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
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monk
monk
[名词]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

和尚, 僧侣

和尚, 僧侣

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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disciple
disciple
[名词]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

门徒,  追随者

门徒, 追随者

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
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denomination
denomination
[名词]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

教派, 宗派

教派, 宗派

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
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hymn
hymn
[名词]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

赞美诗, 圣歌

赞美诗, 圣歌

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
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gospel
gospel
[名词]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

福音, 教义

福音, 教义

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
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pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[名词]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

朝圣, 宗教之旅

朝圣, 宗教之旅

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
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dogma
dogma
[名词]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

教条, 信仰

教条, 信仰

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
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motto
motto
[名词]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

座右铭, 格言

座右铭, 格言

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
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credo
credo
[名词]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

信条, 信仰宣言

信条, 信仰宣言

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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spiritualism
spiritualism
[名词]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

招魂术, 唯灵论

招魂术, 唯灵论

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
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rationalism
rationalism
[名词]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

理性主义, 唯理论

理性主义, 唯理论

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idealism
idealism
[名词]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

理想主义

理想主义

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
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determinism
determinism
[名词]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

决定论, 宿命论

决定论, 宿命论

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fundamentalism

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

原教旨主义, 基要主义

原教旨主义, 基要主义

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
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empiricism
empiricism
[名词]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

经验主义, 经验主义

经验主义, 经验主义

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
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individualism

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

个人主义, 個人主義

个人主义, 個人主義

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
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consumerism
consumerism
[名词]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

消费主义,  物质主义

消费主义, 物质主义

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
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materialism
materialism
[名词]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

唯物主义, 唯物哲学

唯物主义, 唯物哲学

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dualism
dualism
[名词]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

二元论, 二元论学说

二元论, 二元论学说

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
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egalitarian
egalitarian
[名词]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

平等主义者, 平等的倡导者

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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utilitarian
utilitarian
[名词]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

功利主义者

功利主义者

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
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pacifist
pacifist
[名词]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

和平主义者

和平主义者

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
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zealot
zealot
[名词]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

狂热分子, 狂热者

狂热分子, 狂热者

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
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radical
radical
[名词]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

激进分子, 极端分子

激进分子, 极端分子

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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abolitionist
abolitionist
[名词]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

废除主义者, 废除的支持者

废除主义者, 废除的支持者

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
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extremist
extremist
[形容词]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

极端主义的

极端主义的

Ex: The extremist group was responsible for several terrorist attacks in the region. 
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martyr
martyr
[名词]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

殉道者, 烈士

殉道者, 烈士

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
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benediction
benediction
[名词]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

祝福, 祝福的祷告

祝福, 祝福的祷告

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
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to minister
to minister
[动词]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

服务, 传道

服务, 传道

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
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to baptize
to baptize
[动词]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

施洗, 浸入水中

施洗, 浸入水中

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
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to espouse
to espouse
[动词]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

拥护, 采纳

拥护, 采纳

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to consecrate

to make something sacred through religious rituals

神圣化, 奉献

神圣化, 奉献

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
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sacred
sacred
[形容词]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

神圣的, 圣洁的

神圣的, 圣洁的

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
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secular
secular
[形容词]

not concerned or connected with religion

世俗的, 非宗教的

世俗的, 非宗教的

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
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pagan
pagan
[名词]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

异教徒, 多神教徒

异教徒, 多神教徒

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
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