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Ανθρωπιστικές Επιστήμες ACT - Θρησκεία και Πιστεύω

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις που σχετίζονται με τη θρησκεία και τις πεποιθήσεις, όπως "κοσμικός", "τελετή", "θεότητα" κ.λπ., που θα σας βοηθήσουν να πετύχετε στις εξετάσεις ACT.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
Scripture
Scripture
[ουσιαστικό]

the sacred writings of the Christian faith, comprising the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, considered authoritative and divinely inspired by Christian

Αγία Γραφή, Ιερές Γραφές

Αγία Γραφή, Ιερές Γραφές

Ex: The Bible, as a central scripture in Christianity, is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. 
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deity
deity
[ουσιαστικό]

a supernatural figure that is worshipped like a god or goddess

θεότητα, θεός

θεότητα, θεός

Ex: In ancient Greece, Zeus was considered a powerful deity. 
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altar
altar
[ουσιαστικό]

the table in a church, used for giving communion in Christianity

βωμός, τράπεζα της Θείας Κοινωνίας

βωμός, τράπεζα της Θείας Κοινωνίας

Ex: The congregation gathered around the altar for the morning service. 
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providence
providence
[ουσιαστικό]

the divine guidance, care, and intervention of a higher power

πρόνοια, η θεία πρόνοια

πρόνοια, η θεία πρόνοια

Ex: The religious community attributed their survival in difficult times to the providence of God, believing in divine protection. 
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rite
rite
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal or ceremonial act, procedure, or ritual, often associated with religious practices

τελετή, ιεροτελεστία

τελετή, ιεροτελεστία

Ex: The priestess performed the purification rite to cleanse the temple before the annual festival. 
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mosque
mosque
[ουσιαστικό]

a place of worship, used by Muslims

τζαμί, ισλαμικός τόπος λατρείας

τζαμί, ισλαμικός τόπος λατρείας

Ex: The minaret of the mosque towered over the city skyline, calling the faithful to prayer. 
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clergy
clergy
[ουσιαστικό]

people who are officially chosen to lead religious services in a church or other religious institution

κληρικοί, ιερατείο

κληρικοί, ιερατείο

Ex: The clergy gathered for the annual conference. 
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monk
monk
[ουσιαστικό]

a member of a male religious group that lives in a monastery

μοναχός, καλόγερος

μοναχός, καλόγερος

Ex: The monk spent his days in prayer and contemplation within the monastery walls. 
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disciple
disciple
[ουσιαστικό]

a follower or student who adheres to the teachings and practices of a particular leader, teacher, or philosophy

μαθητής,  οπαδός

μαθητής, οπαδός

Ex: Jesus Christ had many disciples who followed him and spread his teachings. 
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denomination
denomination
[ουσιαστικό]

a distinct branch or or subgroup within a larger religious tradition, characterized by specific beliefs, practices, and organizational structures

ομολογία, ονομασία

ομολογία, ονομασία

Ex: The Catholic Church is the largest denomination within Christianity, with millions of followers worldwide. 
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hymn
hymn
[ουσιαστικό]

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

ύμνος, εκκλησιαστικό τραγούδι

ύμνος, εκκλησιαστικό τραγούδι

Ex: The congregation sang a hymn at the beginning of the service. 
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gospel
gospel
[ουσιαστικό]

a set of teachings or principles of a religious group considered authoritative or generally accepted within that group

ευαγγέλιο, δόγμα

ευαγγέλιο, δόγμα

Ex: Followers adhere to the gospel of their faith. 
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pilgrimage
pilgrimage
[ουσιαστικό]

a journey or religious expedition to a sacred place or shrine, typically undertaken for spiritual or religious reasons

προσκύνημα, θρησκευτικό ταξίδι

προσκύνημα, θρησκευτικό ταξίδι

Ex: Every year, devout Hindus embark on a pilgrimage to the sacred city of Varanasi to bathe in the holy Ganges River. 
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dogma
dogma
[ουσιαστικό]

a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance

δόγμα, πιστεύω

δόγμα, πιστεύω

Ex: The church's dogma was strictly enforced, leaving no room for dissenting opinions. 
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motto
motto
[ουσιαστικό]

a brief statement or phrase that represents the guiding beliefs or ideals of an individual, family, or institution

σύνθημα, παροιμία

σύνθημα, παροιμία

Ex: The school's motto, "Perseverance and Excellence," inspires students to strive for success. 
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credo
credo
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal statement of beliefs or principles, often religious or philosophical in nature

credo, ομολογία πίστεως

credo, ομολογία πίστεως

Ex: The Nicene Creed is a well-known Christian credo that articulates fundamental beliefs about the nature of God and Christ. 
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spiritualism
spiritualism
[ουσιαστικό]

the belief that the human spirit or soul can survive after death and communicate with the living

πνευματισμός, πνευματοκρατία

πνευματισμός, πνευματοκρατία

Ex: She was fascinated by spiritualism and attended séances regularly. 
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rationalism
rationalism
[ουσιαστικό]

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

ορθολογισμός, ο ορθολογισμός

ορθολογισμός, ο ορθολογισμός

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idealism
idealism
[ουσιαστικό]

the belief in or pursuit of high principles, values, or ideals, often with a focus on the potential for perfection or improvement

ιδεαλισμός

ιδεαλισμός

Ex: His idealism led him to work for social change in his community. 
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determinism
determinism
[ουσιαστικό]

the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds

ντετερμινισμός, μοιροκρατία

ντετερμινισμός, μοιροκρατία

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fundamentalism
fundamentalism
[ουσιαστικό]

a strict commitment to the core beliefs and teachings of a religion, often accompanied by a literal interpretation of its sacred texts

φονταμενταλισμός, ολοκληρωτισμός

φονταμενταλισμός, ολοκληρωτισμός

Ex: Religious fundamentalism often advocates for a return to the original teachings and practices of the faith. 
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empiricism
empiricism
[ουσιαστικό]

(in philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is derived from sensory experience rather than theory or intuition

εμπειρισμός, εμπειρισμός

εμπειρισμός, εμπειρισμός

Ex: John Locke is a central figure in philosophical empiricism. 
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individualism
individualism
[ουσιαστικό]

the conviction that prioritizes self-reliance and personal independence as virtues

ατομικισμός, ο ατομικισμός

ατομικισμός, ο ατομικισμός

Ex: Her approach to life was heavily influenced by the principles of individualism, prioritizing her own goals and aspirations. 
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consumerism
consumerism
[ουσιαστικό]

the idea or belief that personal well-being and happiness depend on the purchase of material goods

καταναλωτισμός,  υλισμός

καταναλωτισμός, υλισμός

Ex: The holiday season is often associated with consumerism, as people are encouraged to buy gifts for friends and family. 
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materialism
materialism
[ουσιαστικό]

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

υλισμός, υλιστική φιλοσοφία

υλισμός, υλιστική φιλοσοφία

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dualism
dualism
[ουσιαστικό]

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

δυαλισμός, η δόγμα του δυαλισμού

δυαλισμός, η δόγμα του δυαλισμού

Ex: Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances. 
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egalitarian
egalitarian
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who believes in or advocates for the principle of equality, especially in regards to social, political, and economic affairs

ισοτιμιστής, υπέρμαχος της ισότητας

ισοτιμιστής, υπέρμαχος της ισότητας

Ex: As an egalitarian, she fought for equal rights across all social classes. 
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utilitarian
utilitarian
[ουσιαστικό]

someone who supports the theory that actions are morally right if they maximize happiness or pleasure and morally wrong if they cause unhappiness or pain, regardless of other outcomes

ωφελιμιστής

ωφελιμιστής

Ex: John Stuart Mill is known as a prominent utilitarian philosopher who developed the theory of utilitarianism. 
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pacifist
pacifist
[ουσιαστικό]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

πασιφιστής

πασιφιστής

Ex: As a pacifist, she refused to participate in any form of military action. 
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zealot
zealot
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who is fanatically committed to a cause, ideology, or belief, often with uncompromising intensity and willingness to act aggressively in its defense

φανατικός, ζηλωτής

φανατικός, ζηλωτής

Ex: The environmental zealot chained himself to the pipeline in protest. 
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radical
radical
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who holds extreme or unconventional ideas or opinions

ριζοσπάστης, εξτρεμιστής

ριζοσπάστης, εξτρεμιστής

Ex: The radical spoke passionately at the town hall. 
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abolitionist
abolitionist
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who advocates for the complete elimination of something

καταργητής, υποστηρικτής της κατάργησης

καταργητής, υποστηρικτής της κατάργησης

Ex: Many abolitionists risked their lives and faced persecution for their beliefs in the pursuit of justice and equality. 
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extremist
extremist
[επίθετο]

holding or promoting extreme opinions in politics, religion, etc.

εξτρεμιστικός

εξτρεμιστικός

Ex: The extremist group was responsible for several terrorist attacks in the region. 
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martyr
martyr
[ουσιαστικό]

someone who is killed because of their beliefs

μάρτυρας, νεομάρτυρας

μάρτυρας, νεομάρτυρας

Ex: He is remembered as a martyr for his fight against injustice. 
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benediction
benediction
[ουσιαστικό]

a prayer asking for divine blessing, protection, or guidance

ευλογία, προσευχή ευλογίας

ευλογία, προσευχή ευλογίας

Ex: The priest offered a benediction at the end of the ceremony. 
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to minister
to minister
[ρήμα]

to fulfill a role in religious service or guidance, providing support and leadership within a community

υπηρετώ, κηρύττω

υπηρετώ, κηρύττω

Ex: After completing seminary, she decided to minister to a local community as a pastor. 
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to baptize
to baptize
[ρήμα]

to initiate into a religious faith by immersing in or sprinkling with water

βαπτίζω, βυθίζω στο νερό

βαπτίζω, βυθίζω στο νερό

Ex: The pastor will baptize the newborn as a symbol of initiation into the Christian faith. 
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to espouse
to espouse
[ρήμα]

to take up, follow, or support a cause, belief, ideology, etc.

ασπάζομαι, υποστηρίζω

ασπάζομαι, υποστηρίζω

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to consecrate
to consecrate
[ρήμα]

to make something sacred through religious rituals

αγιάζω, αφιερώνω

αγιάζω, αφιερώνω

Ex: The priest consecrated the church with a special ceremony, dedicating it to divine worship. 
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sacred
sacred
[επίθετο]

connected with God or a god, and considered holy or deeply respected in religious contexts

ιερός, άγιος

ιερός, άγιος

Ex: The river is considered sacred in many indigenous cultures. 
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secular
secular
[επίθετο]

not concerned or connected with religion

κοσμικός, εκκοσμικευμένος

κοσμικός, εκκοσμικευμένος

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 
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pagan
pagan
[ουσιαστικό]

a person believing in a religion that worships many deities, especially one that existed before the major world religions

παγανός, πολυθεϊστής

παγανός, πολυθεϊστής

Ex: She identified as pagan, celebrating the cycles of nature and the changing seasons. 
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