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used when referring to a person or thing that was recently mentioned or one that is close in space or time
这个, 那个
used when referring to a person or thing that was previously mentioned or one that is not close in space or time
那, 那个 (pronoun)
used to indicate items or people that are nearby or in close proximity to the speaker
这些, 这些
used to point out or refer to specific people, things, or ideas that are at a distance from both the speaker and the listener
那些, 那些
used to refer back to someone or something previously mentioned, implied, or exemplified to emphasize its quality, nature, or outcome
这样的, 这类的
used to refer to objects or people that are close to the speaker and the listener
这些, 这些花
used to indicate objects or people that are distant from the speaker and listener
那些, 那些树
