Đại từ và Từ hạn định - Đại từ biểu thị và từ hạn định

used when referring to a person or thing that was recently mentioned or one that is close in space or time

cái này, cái đó

used when referring to a person or thing that was previously mentioned or one that is not close in space or time

đó, kia (pronoun)

used to indicate items or people that are nearby or in close proximity to the speaker

những cái này, những

used to point out or refer to specific people, things, or ideas that are at a distance from both the speaker and the listener

những cái đó, những cái

used to refer back to someone or something previously mentioned, implied, or exemplified to emphasize its quality, nature, or outcome

như vậy, thế loại

used to refer to an object or person that is physically close to us

cái này, điều này

used to refer to an object or person that is physically away from us

cái đó, đó

used to refer to objects or people that are close to the speaker and the listener

những, những bông hoa

used to indicate objects or people that are distant from the speaker and listener

những, cái đó