used for introducing a word, phrase, or idea that is different to what has already been said

但是, 然而
used to add a statement that is surprising compared to what has just been said

然而,可是
used to indicate that despite a certain fact or situation mentioned in the first clause, the second clause follows

尽管, 虽然
used to say something surprising compared to the main idea

虽然, 尽管
used to introduce a contrast to what has just been said

虽然, 尽管
used to introduce a hypothetical or conditional situation that contrasts with reality, implying that regardless of whether a certain condition is fulfilled or not, the outcome or action mentioned will still occur

即使
despite the fact that; even though

尽管, 虽然
used to introduce a statement that is true for one thing and false for another

而, 然而
used to introduce a contrasting or qualifying statement

虽然, 尽管
used to express a preference or choice between two alternatives

而不是, 与其...不如...
used to show a contrast between two things or situations

尽管, 虽然
used to imply unexpected or ironic outcomes

当, 而
much less

更不用说, 何况
used to introduce a clarification, exception, or contrast to a previous statement or idea

并不是, 不是说
used to introduce an exception or concession to what has been stated previously

除了, 除非
used to introduce a restriction, exception, or limitation to what has been stated

只是, 仅仅
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