a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights
卤素, 卤族元素
卤素具有共同的特性，如高电负性和获得电子以实现稳定电子构型的能力。
a durable plastic material used for packaging, bags, and various applications
聚乙烯, 塑料
她为野餐用聚乙烯袋子打包了三明治。
a lightweight and versatile synthetic polymer used in packaging, insulation, and disposable products
聚苯乙烯, 泡沫聚苯乙烯
制造商回收聚苯乙烯以生产像相框和花园家具这样的新产品。
a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer
磷, 磷元素
珍妮吃富含磷的食物，如坚果，以促进骨骼健康。
a colorless, volatile liquid solvent commonly used for removing nail polish and other substances from surfaces
丙酮, 二甲酮
a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed, commonly used in various industries for its thickening, gelling, and stabilizing properties
藻酸盐, 从褐藻中提取的天然多糖
a compound containing silicon and oxygen atoms, often forming minerals or glasses, with diverse applications in industry and nature
硅酸盐, 硅化合物
硅酸盐陶瓷由于其耐热性能被用于各种高温应用。
a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, known for its exceptional strength, electrical conductivity, and flexibility
石墨烯, 以二维蜂窝状晶格排列的单层碳原子
a naturally occurring organic compound found in many fruits that contributes to their sour taste
苹果酸
a weak organic acid found naturally in citrus fruits like lemons, oranges, and limes, commonly used as a food additive for flavoring and preserving
柠檬酸, 枸橼酸
一些化妆品和药品使用柠檬酸因其抗氧化和pH平衡效果。
a chemical compound that contains phosphorus and oxygen atoms, commonly found in salts or esters of phosphoric acid, important for biological processes and industrial applications
磷酸盐, 含有磷和氧原子的化合物，常见于磷酸的盐或酯中，对生物过程和工业应用很重要
磷酸钠被用作食品添加剂和医学中的泻药。
a type of elementary particle that is one of the six types, or flavors, of quarks that has an electric charge of +2/3 and participates in strong and electromagnetic interactions
粲夸克, 魅夸克
像粲夸克这样的夸克在强子（如由粲夸克和反粲夸克结合而成的J/ψ粒子）的形成中起着至关重要的作用。
something that has specific chemicals or causes a chemical reaction that destroys harmful microorganisms such as bacteria
消毒剂, 杀菌剂
a chemical compound important for regulating pH balance, found in baking soda and crucial for bodily functions
碳酸氢盐, 重碳酸盐
农业实践中可能涉及向土壤施用碳酸氢盐以调节pH值，以实现作物的最佳生长。
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a solution
溶质, 溶解物质
将止痛药（例如阿司匹林）溶解在水中会使药物作为液体溶剂中的溶质起作用。
having absorbed as much of a substance as possible at a given temperature, reaching its maximum concentration
饱和的, 浸透的
纸巾被洒出的咖啡饱和了，无法再吸收更多的液体。
(of a solution) containing volatile or highly flammable substances, such as diethyl ether
醚的, 挥发的
二乙醚的醚性使其成为从植物材料中提取天然产物的有用溶剂。
describing chemical compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds and are typically derived from minerals or non-living matter
无机的
无机化学专注于研究不涉及碳氢键的化合物和元素。
a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance
溶剂, 溶媒
水是通用的溶剂，能够比任何其他液体溶解更多的物质，如盐和糖。
refering to substances that have a pH greater than 7, indicating a basic or non-acidic nature
碱性的
碱性电池使用氢氧化钾作为电解质来发电。
containing or relating to salt
含盐的, 盐的
沿海地区的盐碱土壤影响了能够成功种植的作物类型。
a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products
反应物
当铁与硫反应时，反应物是铁和硫。
(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself
催化剂, 活化剂
在哈伯法中，铁被用作催化剂以促进从氮气和氢气合成氨。
a solution containing a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, which maintains a stable pH when small amounts of acid or base are added
缓冲液, 缓冲溶液
缓冲液通过在生化研究中为反应提供受控环境而发挥重要作用。
a substance or compound used in a chemical reaction to detect, examine, or produce other substances
试剂
试剂的性质差异很大，根据它们与反应条件和预期结果的兼容性来选择。
any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations
惰性气体, 稀有气体
惰性气体的构型特点是具有完整的外电子壳，有助于稳定性和缺乏反应性。
a group of non-reactive gases that typically exhibit low chemical reactivity due to their stable electron configurations
惰性气体, 稀有气体
深海潜水员呼吸氧气和氦气等惰性气体的混合物，以防止在深水中出现氮醉。
