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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - History

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o historii, jako je "pravěk", "jura", "kronika" atd., Která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
Stone age
Stone age
[Podstatné jméno]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

doba kamenná, období kamene

doba kamenná, období kamene

Ex: The Stone Age was characterized by the use of simple stone tools and the development of early human societies. 
prehistory
prehistory
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

pravěk, prehistorie

pravěk, prehistorie

ice age
ice age
[Podstatné jméno]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

doba ledová, ledová doba

doba ledová, ledová doba

Ex: During the last ice age, vast glaciers covered much of North America and Europe. 
antiquity
antiquity
[Podstatné jméno]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

starověk, antické období

starověk, antické období

Ex: Antiquity refers to the period in history before the Middle Ages, encompassing the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. 
dark ages
dark ages
[Podstatné jméno]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

temné věky, raný středověk

temné věky, raný středověk

the Middle Ages
the Middle Ages
[Podstatné jméno]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

středověk, středověké období

středověk, středověké období

Ex: Castles and knights are iconic symbols of life during the Middle Ages. 
Iron Age
Iron Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Doba železná, Období železa

Doba železná, Období železa

Ex: The Iron Age followed the Bronze Age and was marked by the widespread use of iron for tools and weapons. 
Bronze Age
Bronze Age
[Podstatné jméno]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Doba bronzová, Období bronzu

Ex: The Bronze Age marked a significant advancement in human technology with the development of metalworking skills. 
christian era
christian era
[Podstatné jméno]

the period that began with Christ's birth

křesťanská éra, křesťanská doba

křesťanská éra, křesťanská doba

paleontology
paleontology
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of science that studies fossils

paleontologie

paleontologie

Ex: Paleontology has revealed fascinating details about the prehistoric creatures that roamed the Earth millions of years ago. 
jurassic
jurassic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

jurský, z období jury

jurský, z období jury

cretaceous
cretaceous
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

křídový

křídový

hellenistic
hellenistic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

helénistický

helénistický

Enlightenment
Enlightenment
[Podstatné jméno]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

osvícenství, období osvícenství

osvícenství, období osvícenství

Ex: The Enlightenment challenged traditional authority and promoted reason as the basis for understanding the world. 
archaic
archaic
[Přídavné jméno]

dating back to the ancient past

archaický, starověký

archaický, starověký

Ex: The museum has a collection of archaic pottery from ancient Greece. 
barbarian
barbarian
[Podstatné jméno]

a person belonging to a people or group regarded as uncivilized, foreign, or outside the dominant culture

barbar, divoch

barbar, divoch

Ex: The Romans considered the northern tribes to be barbarians. 
to chronicle
to chronicle
[sloveso]

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

kronikovat, zaznamenávat

kronikovat, zaznamenávat

Ex: The historian chronicles the rise and fall of ancient civilizations in her latest book. 
anachronism
anachronism
[Podstatné jméno]

something occurring at a time when it could not have existed or happened

anachronismus, chronologická chyba

anachronismus, chronologická chyba

Ex: The speech referenced events that hadn't yet occurred—an unintentional anachronism. 
archeology
archeology
[Podstatné jméno]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archeologie, studium starověkých civilizací

archeologie, studium starověkých civilizací

Ex: Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation and analysis of artifacts, sites, and other physical remains. 
colony
colony
[Podstatné jméno]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonie, území pod kontrolou

kolonie, území pod kontrolou

ruin
ruin
[Podstatné jméno]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

trosky, zříceniny

trosky, zříceniny

Ex: They explored the ruins of an old castle during their trip. 
circa
circa
[předložka]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

kolem,  přibližně

kolem, přibližně

Ex: The first records appeared circa 1500. 
tsar
tsar
[Podstatné jméno]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

car, tsar

car, tsar

Ex: The tsar was the title used by the rulers of Russia before the Russian Revolution of 1917, signifying their absolute authority and sovereignty. 
the Commonwealth
the Commonwealth
[Podstatné jméno]

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Společenství, Republika

Společenství, Republika

Ex: The Commonwealth is an association of independent states, most of which were former territories of the British Empire, that cooperate on matters of mutual interest. 
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