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Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - History

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa kasaysayan, tulad ng "prehistory", "jurassic", "chronicle", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
Stone age
[Pangngalan]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

panahon ng bato, edad ng bato

panahon ng bato, edad ng bato

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.Ang paglipat mula sa **Panahon ng Bato** patungong Panahon ng Tanso ay nagmarka ng isang makabuluhang pagbabago sa teknolohiya at kultura sa kasaysayan ng tao.
prehistory
[Pangngalan]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

prehistorya, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

prehistorya, panahon bago ang kasaysayan

ice age
[Pangngalan]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

panahon ng yelo, edad ng yelo

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that the ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .Ang ebidensiyang heolohikal ay nagmumungkahi na ang **panahon ng yelo** ay humubog sa marami sa kasalukuyang mga tanawin at ekosistema ng Daigdig.
antiquity
[Pangngalan]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

ang sinaunang panahon, ang panahon ng antiquity

ang sinaunang panahon, ang panahon ng antiquity

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .Ang pagbagsak ng Imperyong Romano ay nagmarka ng pagtatapos ng **Sinaunang Panahon** at simula ng Middle Ages, habang ang Europa ay pumasok sa isang panahon ng pulitikal na pagkakahati-hati at pagbabago sa kultura.
dark ages
[Pangngalan]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

madilim na panahon, maagang Gitnang Panahon

madilim na panahon, maagang Gitnang Panahon

the Middle Ages
[Pangngalan]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

ang Gitnang Panahon, ang panahong medyebal

ang Gitnang Panahon, ang panahong medyebal

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.Ang Black Death ay isang nakamamatay na pandemya na tumama sa Europa sa huling bahagi ng **Middle Ages**, na pumatay ng milyon-milyong tao.
Iron Age
[Pangngalan]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Panahon ng Bakal, Edad ng Bakal

Panahon ng Bakal, Edad ng Bakal

Ex: The Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .Ang **Panahon ng Bakal** ay nagdulot ng mga pagbabago sa mga istruktura ng lipunan at kalakalan, dahil ang bakal ay naging isang mahalaga at malawakang ginagamit na mapagkukunan.
Bronze Age
[Pangngalan]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Panahon ng Tanso, Edad ng Bronse

Panahon ng Tanso, Edad ng Bronse

Ex: Trade flourished during the Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .Umunlad ang kalakalan noong **Panahon ng Tanso**, habang nagpapalitan ang mga kultura ng mga produktong tanso, ideya, at mga inobasyon sa malalayong distansya.
christian era
[Pangngalan]

the period that began with Christ's birth

panahon ng Kristiyano, era ng Kristiyanismo

panahon ng Kristiyano, era ng Kristiyanismo

paleontology
[Pangngalan]

the branch of science that studies fossils

paleontolohiya

paleontolohiya

Ex: Through paleontology, researchers have gained insights into the mass extinction events that have shaped the history of life on our planet .Sa pamamagitan ng **paleontolohiya**, ang mga mananaliksik ay nakakuha ng mga pananaw sa mga pangyayari ng mass extinction na humubog sa kasaysayan ng buhay sa ating planeta.
jurassic
[pang-uri]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

hurassiko, mula sa panahon ng Hurassiko

hurassiko, mula sa panahon ng Hurassiko

cretaceous
[pang-uri]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

cretaceous

cretaceous

hellenistic
[pang-uri]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

Helenistiko

Helenistiko

Enlightenment
[Pangngalan]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Kaliwanagan, Panahon ng Kaliwanagan

Kaliwanagan, Panahon ng Kaliwanagan

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.Ang **Enlightenment** ay may malalim na epekto sa politikal na pag-iisip, na nakaimpluwensya sa mga ideya ng demokrasya at indibidwal na karapatan.
archaic
[pang-uri]

dating back to the ancient past

arkaiko, sinauna

arkaiko, sinauna

Ex: Scholars study archaic symbols found in prehistoric cave paintings .Pinag-aaralan ng mga iskolar ang **sinaunang** mga simbolo na matatagpuan sa mga prehistorikong pintura ng kuweba.
barbarian
[Pangngalan]

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

barbaro, mabangis

barbaro, mabangis

Ex: The term "barbarian" was often used by colonial powers to justify their conquest and domination of indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.Ang terminong "**barbaro**" ay madalas gamitin ng mga kapangyarihang kolonyal upang bigyang-katwiran ang kanilang pananakop at dominasyon sa mga katutubong tao sa Africa, Asia, at Americas.
to chronicle
[Pandiwa]

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

itala, magtala ng kasaysayan

itala, magtala ng kasaysayan

Ex: The journalist chronicles the political upheavals of the past century in her investigative report .**Itinala** ng mamamahayag ang mga pagbabagong pampulitika ng nakaraang siglo sa kanyang imbestigatibong ulat.
anachronism
[Pangngalan]

an object, person, or event that is out of place in terms of time or context, often appearing in a historical setting before its actual invention or introduction

anakronismo, hindi pagtutugma sa panahon

anakronismo, hindi pagtutugma sa panahon

Ex: The anachronism of a medieval knight wielding a firearm in a historical reenactment drew criticism from historians and enthusiasts for its inaccuracies .Ang **anachronism** ng isang medieval knight na may hawak na baril sa isang historical reenactment ay nakatanggap ng pintas mula sa mga historian at enthusiasts dahil sa mga kamalian nito.
archeology
[Pangngalan]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

arkeolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang sibilisasyon

arkeolohiya, pag-aaral ng mga sinaunang sibilisasyon

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.Ang larangan ng **arkeolohiya** ay may kasamang iba't ibang sub-disiplina tulad ng maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, at bioarchaeology.
colony
[Pangngalan]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

kolonya, teritoryo sa ilalim ng kontrol

ruin
[Pangngalan]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

mga guho, mga sira

mga guho, mga sira

Ex: The archaeological team discovered the ruins of an ancient city .Natuklasan ng pangkat ng arkeolohiya ang mga **guho** ng isang sinaunang lungsod.
circa
[Preposisyon]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

mga,  bandang

mga, bandang

Ex: The painting was created circa the 18th century.Ang painting ay nilikha **mga** ika-18 siglo.
tsar
[Pangngalan]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

tsar, czar

tsar, czar

Ex: The term "tsar" is derived from the Latin word " Caesar " and is equivalent to the title of " emperor " in other European monarchies .Ang terminong "**tsar**" ay nagmula sa salitang Latin na "Caesar" at katumbas ng titulong "emperador" sa ibang mga monarkiya sa Europa.
the Commonwealth
[Pangngalan]

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Commonwealth, Republika

Commonwealth, Republika

Ex: The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is held every two years, providing leaders of member states with the opportunity to discuss and address issues of common concern.Ang Pulong ng mga Pinuno ng Pamahalaan ng **Commonwealth** (CHOGM) ay ginanap tuwing dalawang taon, na nagbibigay sa mga pinuno ng mga estado ng pagkakataon na talakayin at tugunan ang mga isyu ng karaniwang interes.
Masulong na Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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