Vocabulário Avançado para o TOEFL - History

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

idade da pedra, paleolítico

the era in human history from which we have no written record

pré-história

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

era do gelo, idade do gelo

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

antiguidade, época antiga

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

idades sombrias, período das trevas

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Idade Média, período medieval

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Idade do Ferro, Período do Ferro

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

Idade do Bronze, Período do Bronze

the period that began with Christ's birth

era cristã, época cristã

the branch of science that studies fossils

paleontologia

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

jurássico, relativo ao período jurássico

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

cretáceo

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

helênico, relativo ao período helenístico

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

Iluminismo, Era da Ilustração

dating back to the ancient past

arcaico, antigo

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

bárbaro, selvagem

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

cronicar, documentar

an object, person, or event that is out of place in terms of time or context, often appearing in a historical setting before its actual invention or introduction

anacronismo

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

arqueologia

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colônia

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

ruínas, restos

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

cerca de, aproximadamente

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

czar, imperador

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Commonwealth, República