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TOEFL을 위한 고급 어휘 - History

여기에서는 TOEFL 시험에 필요한 "prehistory", "jurassic", "chronicle" 등과 같은 역사에 관한 영어 단어를 배웁니다.

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Stone age
[명사]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

석기 시대, 돌 시대

석기 시대, 돌 시대

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.
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prehistory
[명사]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

선사 시대, 선사

선사 시대, 선사

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ice age
[명사]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

빙하기, 얼음시대

빙하기, 얼음시대

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .
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antiquity
[명사]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

고대, 고대사

고대, 고대사

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .
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dark ages
[명사]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

어두운 시대, 암흑 시대

어두운 시대, 암흑 시대

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an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

중세, 중세 시대

중세, 중세 시대

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.
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Iron Age
[명사]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

철기 시대, 철의 시대

철기 시대, 철의 시대

Ex: Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .
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Bronze Age
[명사]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

청동기 시대, 청동 시대

청동기 시대, 청동 시대

Ex: Trade flourished during Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .
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the period that began with Christ's birth

그리스도 시대, 기독교 시대

그리스도 시대, 기독교 시대

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paleontology
[명사]

the branch of science that studies fossils

고생물학, 화석학

고생물학, 화석학

Ex: paleontology, researchers have gained insights into the mass extinction events that have shaped the history of life on our planet .
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jurassic
[형용사]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

쥐라기(의), 쥐라기 시대(의)

쥐라기(의), 쥐라기 시대(의)

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cretaceous
[형용사]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

백악기의, 백악적인

백악기의, 백악적인

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hellenistic
[형용사]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

헬레니즘의, 헬레니스틱의

헬레니즘의, 헬레니스틱의

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a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

계몽주의,  enlightened thought

계몽주의, enlightened thought

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.
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archaic
[형용사]

dating back to the ancient past

고대의, 구식의

고대의, 구식의

Ex: Scholars archaic symbols found in prehistoric cave paintings .
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barbarian
[명사]

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

야만인, 미개인

야만인, 미개인

Ex: The term "barbarian" was often used by colonial powers to justify their conquest and domination of indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
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to chronicle
[동사]

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

연대표를 작성하다, 연대기를 기록하다

연대표를 작성하다, 연대기를 기록하다

Ex: The chronicles the political upheavals of the past century in her investigative report .
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anachronism
[명사]

an object, person, or event that is out of place in terms of time or context, often appearing in a historical setting before its actual invention or introduction

시대착오, 시대적 오류

시대착오, 시대적 오류

Ex: anachronism of a medieval knight wielding a firearm in a historical reenactment drew criticism from historians and enthusiasts for its inaccuracies .
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archeology
[명사]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

고고학, 고대문화학

고고학, 고대문화학

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.
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colony
[명사]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

식민지, 지배지

식민지, 지배지

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ruin
[명사]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

유적, 폐허

유적, 폐허

Ex: The archaeological team discovered ruins of an ancient city .
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circa
[전치사]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

경주(에), 경(에)

경주(에), 경(에)

Ex: The painting was created circa the 18th century.
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tsar
[명사]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

차르, 황제

차르, 황제

Ex: The term tsar" is derived from the Latin word " Caesar " and is equivalent to the title of " emperor " in other European monarchies .
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the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

영연방, 커먼웰스

영연방, 커먼웰스

Ex: The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is held every two years, providing leaders of member states with the opportunity to discuss and address issues of common concern.
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TOEFL을 위한 고급 어휘
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