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Vocabolario Avanzato per il TOEFL - Storia

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulla storia, come "preistoria", "giurassico", "cronaca", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
Stone age
[sostantivo]

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

età della pietra

età della pietra

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.La transizione dall'**età della pietra** all'età del bronzo ha segnato un significativo cambiamento tecnologico e culturale nella storia umana.
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prehistory
[sostantivo]

the era in human history from which we have no written record

preistoria

preistoria

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ice age
[sostantivo]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

glaciale

glaciale

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that the ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .Le prove geologiche suggeriscono che **l'era glaciale** ha plasmato molti degli attuali paesaggi ed ecosistemi della Terra.
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antiquity
[sostantivo]

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

antichità

antichità

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .Il declino dell'Impero Romano segnò la fine dell'**antichità** e l'inizio del Medioevo, mentre l'Europa entrava in un periodo di frammentazione politica e cambiamento culturale.
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dark ages
[sostantivo]

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

secoli bui

secoli bui

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the Middle Ages
[sostantivo]

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Medioevo

Medioevo

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.La Peste Nera fu una pandemia devastante che colpì l'Europa alla fine del **Medioevo**, uccidendo milioni di persone.
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Iron Age
[sostantivo]

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

Età del ferro

Età del ferro

Ex: The Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .**L'Età del Ferro** portò cambiamenti nelle strutture sociali e nel commercio, poiché il ferro divenne una risorsa preziosa e ampiamente utilizzata.
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Bronze Age
[sostantivo]

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

bronzo

bronzo

Ex: Trade flourished during the Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .Il commercio fiorì durante **l'età del bronzo**, mentre le culture si scambiavano beni in bronzo, idee e innovazioni su vastissime distanze.
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christian era
[sostantivo]

the period that began with Christ's birth

era cristiana

era cristiana

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paleontology
[sostantivo]

the branch of science that studies fossils

paleontologia

paleontologia

Ex: Through paleontology, researchers have gained insights into the mass extinction events that have shaped the history of life on our planet .Attraverso la **paleontologia**, i ricercatori hanno acquisito conoscenze sugli eventi di estinzione di massa che hanno plasmato la storia della vita sul nostro pianeta.
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jurassic
[aggettivo]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

Jurassic

Jurassic

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cretaceous
[aggettivo]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

cretaceo

cretaceo

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hellenistic
[aggettivo]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

ellenistico

ellenistico

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Enlightenment
[sostantivo]

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

schiarimento

schiarimento

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.**L'Illuminismo** ha avuto un profondo impatto sul pensiero politico, influenzando le idee di democrazia e diritti individuali.
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archaic
[aggettivo]

dating back to the ancient past

arcaico

arcaico

Ex: Scholars study archaic symbols found in prehistoric cave paintings .Gli studiosi studiano i simboli **arcaici** trovati nei dipinti rupestri preistorici.
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barbarian
[sostantivo]

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

barbaro

barbaro

Ex: The term "barbarian" was often used by colonial powers to justify their conquest and domination of indigenous peoples in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.Il termine "**barbaro**" era spesso usato dalle potenze coloniali per giustificare la loro conquista e dominazione dei popoli indigeni in Africa, Asia e nelle Americhe.
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to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

cronaca

cronaca

Ex: The journalist chronicles the political upheavals of the past century in her investigative report .Il giornalista **cronaca** i sconvolgimenti politici del secolo scorso nel suo reportage investigativo.
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anachronism
[sostantivo]

an object, person, or event that is out of place in terms of time or context, often appearing in a historical setting before its actual invention or introduction

anacronismo

anacronismo

Ex: The anachronism of a medieval knight wielding a firearm in a historical reenactment drew criticism from historians and enthusiasts for its inaccuracies .L'**anacronismo** di un cavaliere medievale che brandisce un'arma da fuoco in una rievocazione storica ha attirato critiche da parte di storici e appassionati per le sue inesattezze.
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archeology
[sostantivo]

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

Archeologia

Archeologia

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.Il campo dell'**archeologia** include varie sottodiscipline come l'archeologia marittima, l'archeologia storica e la bioarcheologia.
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colony
[sostantivo]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

Colonia

Colonia

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ruin
[sostantivo]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

rovinare

rovinare

Ex: The archaeological team discovered the ruins of an ancient city .Il team archeologico ha scoperto le **rovine** di un'antica città.
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circa
[Preposizione]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

circa

circa

Ex: The painting was created circa the 18th century.Il dipinto è stato creato **circa** nel XVIII secolo.
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tsar
[sostantivo]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

ZAR

ZAR

Ex: The term "tsar" is derived from the Latin word " Caesar " and is equivalent to the title of " emperor " in other European monarchies .Il termine "**zar**" deriva dalla parola latina "Cesare" ed è equivalente al titolo di "imperatore" in altre monarchie europee.
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the Commonwealth
[sostantivo]

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

confederazione

confederazione

Ex: The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is held every two years, providing leaders of member states with the opportunity to discuss and address issues of common concern.L'incontro dei capi di governo del **Commonwealth** (CHOGM) si tiene ogni due anni, offrendo ai leader degli stati membri l'opportunità di discutere e affrontare questioni di comune interesse.
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