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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Histoire

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'histoire, tels que "préhistoire", "jurassique", "chronique", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Stone age

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

âge de pierre

âge de pierre

Ex: Archaeologists discovered a Stone Age settlement, complete with tools and cave paintings. 

Les archéologues ont découvert un établissement de l'âge de pierre, complet avec des outils et des peintures rupestres.

prehistory

the era in human history from which we have no written record

préhistoire

préhistoire

ice age
ice age
[nom]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

Ex: The woolly mammoth and saber-toothed tiger were iconic animals of the ice age. 

Le mammouth laineux et le tigre à dents de sabre étaient des animaux emblématiques de l'âge de glace.

antiquity

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

antiquité

antiquité

Ex: The study of antiquity involves examining ancient texts, artifacts, and archaeological remains to understand the cultures and societies of the past. 

L'étude de l'Antiquité consiste à examiner des textes anciens, des artefacts et des vestiges archéologiques pour comprendre les cultures et les sociétés du passé.

dark ages

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

Haut Moyen Âge

Haut Moyen Âge

the Middle Ages

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Moyen Âge

Moyen Âge

Ex: Many important universities and centers of learning were established in Europe during the Middle Ages. 

De nombreuses universités et centres d'apprentissage importants ont été établis en Europe durant le Moyen Âge.

Iron Age

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

âge du fer

âge du fer

Ex: During the Iron Age, many societies saw significant advancements in agriculture, warfare, and architecture. 

Pendant l'âge du fer, de nombreuses sociétés ont connu des avancées significatives dans l'agriculture, la guerre et l'architecture.

Bronze Age

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

l'âge de bronze

l'âge de bronze

Ex: During the Bronze Age, civilizations like Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt saw the rise of complex societies and urban centers. 

Pendant l'Âge du bronze, des civilisations comme la Mésopotamie et l'Égypte ancienne ont vu l'émergence de sociétés complexes et de centres urbains.

christian era

the period that began with Christ's birth

ère chrétienne

ère chrétienne

paleontology

the branch of science that studies fossils

paléontologie

paléontologie

Ex: Advances in paleontology have allowed scientists to reconstruct the appearance and behavior of extinct species from fossil records. 

Les progrès en paléontologie ont permis aux scientifiques de reconstituer l'apparence et le comportement des espèces éteintes à partir des archives fossiles.

jurassic
jurassic
[Adjectif]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

jurassique

jurassique

cretaceous
cretaceous
[Adjectif]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

du Crétacé

du Crétacé

hellenistic
hellenistic
[Adjectif]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

hellénistique

hellénistique

Enlightenment

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

les Lumières

les Lumières

Ex: Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Rousseau advocated for freedom of thought and expression. 

Les penseurs des Lumières tels que Voltaire et Rousseau ont plaidé pour la liberté de pensée et d'expression.

archaic
archaic
[Adjectif]

dating back to the ancient past

archaïque

archaïque

Ex: The archaic language used in the ancient manuscript was difficult for modern readers to understand. 

Le langage archaïque utilisé dans le manuscrit ancien était difficile à comprendre pour les lecteurs modernes.

barbarian

a person belonging to a people or group regarded as uncivilized, foreign, or outside the dominant culture

barbare

barbare

Ex: Legends depict barbarians storming fortified cities. 

Les légendes dépeignent des barbares prenant d'assaut des villes fortifiées.

to chronicle

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

faire la chronique de, rapporter en détails

faire la chronique de, rapporter en détails

Ex: She chronicles the journey of explorers through meticulous research and vivid storytelling. 

Elle chronique le voyage des explorateurs à travers une recherche méticuleuse et une narration vivante.

anachronism

something occurring at a time when it could not have existed or happened

anachronisme

anachronisme

Ex: The timeline of the story was riddled with anachronisms. 

La chronologie de l'histoire était truffée d'anachronismes.

archeology

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archéologie

archéologie

Ex: The discovery of the Rosetta Stone was a breakthrough in Egyptology and archaeology, enabling the decipherment of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. 

La découverte de la pierre de Rosette a été une percée en égyptologie et en archéologie, permettant le déchiffrement des hiéroglyphes égyptiens anciens.

colony
colony
[nom]

a country or territory politically controlled by another, more powerful country

colonie

colonie

Ex: The island remained a colony until it gained independence. 
ruin
ruin
[nom]

the remains of a building, town, or other structure that has been destroyed or fallen into decay

ruine

ruine

Ex: The castle ruins overlook the river. 
circa
circa
[préposition]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

vers, aux alentours de

vers, aux alentours de

Ex: The building was made circa 1850. 

Le bâtiment a été construit circa 1850.

tsar
tsar
[nom]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

tsar

tsar

Ex: Ivan the Terrible was one of the most famous tsars of Russia, known for his autocratic rule and ruthless tactics against his enemies. 

Ivan le Terrible était l'un des tsars les plus célèbres de Russie, connu pour son règne autocratique et ses tactiques impitoyables contre ses ennemis.

the Commonwealth

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Commonwealth

Commonwealth

Ex: The Commonwealth operates on the principles of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, promoting these values among its member states. 

Le Commonwealth fonctionne sur les principes de la démocratie, des droits de l'homme et de l'état de droit, promouvant ces valeurs parmi ses États membres.

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