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Vocabulaire Avancé pour le TOEFL - Histoire

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur l'histoire, tels que "préhistoire", "jurassique", "chronique", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
Stone age

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

âge de pierre

âge de pierre

Ex: The transition from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age marked a significant technological and cultural shift in human history.La transition de **l'âge de pierre** à l'âge du bronze a marqué un changement technologique et culturel significatif dans l'histoire de l'humanité.
prehistory

the era in human history from which we have no written record

préhistoire

préhistoire

ice age
ice age
[nom]

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

période glaciaire, ère glaciaire

Ex: Geological evidence suggests that the ice age shaped many of the Earth 's current landscapes and ecosystems .Les preuves géologiques suggèrent que **l'âge glaciaire** a façonné bon nombre des paysages et écosystèmes actuels de la Terre.
antiquity

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

antiquité

antiquité

Ex: The decline of the Roman Empire marked the end of antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages , as Europe entered a period of political fragmentation and cultural change .Le déclin de l'Empire romain a marqué la fin de l'**Antiquité** et le début du Moyen Âge, alors que l'Europe entrait dans une période de fragmentation politique et de changement culturel.
dark ages

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

Haut Moyen Âge

Haut Moyen Âge

the Middle Ages

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

Moyen Âge

Moyen Âge

Ex: The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that struck Europe in the late Middle Ages, killing millions.La Peste noire était une pandémie dévastatrice qui a frappé l'Europe à la fin du **Moyen Âge**, tuant des millions de personnes.
Iron Age

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

âge du fer

âge du fer

Ex: The Iron Age brought about changes in social structures and trade , as iron became a valuable and widely-used resource .**L'âge du fer** a apporté des changements dans les structures sociales et le commerce, le fer devenant une ressource précieuse et largement utilisée.
Bronze Age

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

l'âge de bronze

l'âge de bronze

Ex: Trade flourished during the Bronze Age, as cultures exchanged bronze goods , ideas , and innovations across vast distances .Le commerce a prospéré pendant **l'âge du bronze**, alors que les cultures échangeaient des objets en bronze, des idées et des innovations sur de vastes distances.
christian era

the period that began with Christ's birth

ère chrétienne

ère chrétienne

paleontology

the branch of science that studies fossils

paléontologie

paléontologie

Ex: Through paleontology, researchers have gained insights into the mass extinction events that have shaped the history of life on our planet .Grâce à la **paléontologie**, les chercheurs ont acquis des connaissances sur les événements d'extinction massive qui ont façonné l'histoire de la vie sur notre planète.
jurassic
jurassic
[Adjectif]

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

jurassique

jurassique

cretaceous
cretaceous
[Adjectif]

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

du Crétacé

du Crétacé

hellenistic
hellenistic
[Adjectif]

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

hellénistique

hellénistique

Enlightenment

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

les Lumières

les Lumières

Ex: The Enlightenment had a profound impact on political thought, influencing the ideas of democracy and individual rights.**Les Lumières** ont eu un impact profond sur la pensée politique, influençant les idées de démocratie et de droits individuels.
archaic
archaic
[Adjectif]

dating back to the ancient past

archaïque

archaïque

Ex: Scholars study archaic symbols found in prehistoric cave paintings .Les érudits étudient les symboles **archaïques** trouvés dans les peintures rupestres préhistoriques.
barbarian

a person belonging to a people or group regarded as uncivilized, foreign, or outside the dominant culture

barbare

barbare

Ex: Tribes once labeled as barbarians developed their own rich cultures .
to chronicle

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

faire la chronique de, rapporter en détails

faire la chronique de, rapporter en détails

Ex: The journalist chronicles the political upheavals of the past century in her investigative report .Le journaliste **chronique** les bouleversements politiques du siècle dernier dans son reportage d'investigation.
anachronism

something occurring at a time when it could not have existed or happened

anachronisme

anachronisme

Ex: The play's dialogue included slang that was anachronistic for its setting.Le dialogue de la pièce incluait de l'argot qui était **anachronique** pour son cadre.
archeology

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

archéologie

archéologie

Ex: The field of archaeology includes various sub-disciplines such as maritime archaeology, historical archaeology, and bioarchaeology.Le domaine de l'**archéologie** comprend diverses sous-disciplines telles que l'archéologie maritime, l'archéologie historique et la bioarchéologie.
colony
colony
[nom]

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

colonie

colonie

ruin
ruin
[nom]

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

ruine

ruine

Ex: The archaeological team discovered the ruins of an ancient city .L'équipe archéologique a découvert les **ruines** d'une ancienne ville.
circa
circa
[préposition]

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

vers, aux alentours de

vers, aux alentours de

Ex: The painting was created circa the 18th century.Le tableau a été créé **circa** le 18ème siècle.
tsar
tsar
[nom]

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

tsar

tsar

Ex: The term "tsar" is derived from the Latin word " Caesar " and is equivalent to the title of " emperor " in other European monarchies .Le terme "**tsar**" est dérivé du mot latin "César" et équivaut au titre d'"empereur" dans les autres monarchies européennes.
the Commonwealth

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

Commonwealth

Commonwealth

Ex: The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) is held every two years, providing leaders of member states with the opportunity to discuss and address issues of common concern.La réunion des chefs de gouvernement du **Commonwealth** (CHOGM) a lieu tous les deux ans, offrant aux dirigeants des États membres l'occasion de discuter et de traiter des questions d'intérêt commun.
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