واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - History

the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools

عصرِ سنگ

the era in human history from which we have no written record

ماقبل تاریخ

one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world

عصر یخ‌بندان

the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous

دوران باستان

the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000

دوران تاریکی

an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable

قرون وسطی

the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time

عصر آهن

the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools

عصر برنز

the period that began with Christ's birth

دوران مسیحیت

the branch of science that studies fossils

دیرین‌شناسی

relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived

ژوراسیک (دوره زمین‌شناسی)

relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)

کرتاسه (دوره زمین‌شناسی)

relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably

عصر هلنیستی

a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion

عصر روشنگری

dating back to the ancient past

باستانی

a person who was not a member of a great civilization (Greek, Roman, Christian) and was believed to be savage and uncivil

بربر

to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order

وقایع‌نگاری کردن

an object, person, or event that is out of place in terms of time or context, often appearing in a historical setting before its actual invention or introduction

the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains

باستان‌شناسی

any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation

مستعمره

(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed

خرابه

used typically before a date to show that it is not exact

در حدود

the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917

تزار

the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen

دوره جمهوریت بریتانیا