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El libro Total English - Avanzado - Unidad 2 - Referencia

Aquí encontrarás el vocabulario de la Unidad 2 - Referencia en el libro de curso Total English Advanced, como "cosmopolita", "atención médica", "captar", etc.

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Total English - Advanced
cost of living

the amount of money required to maintain basic needs and expenses in a particular place or location

Ex: Students struggle to manage expenses due to the increasing cost of living. 
cosmopolitan
cosmopolitan
[Adjetivo]

including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

cosmopolita

cosmopolita

Ex: The hotel offered a cosmopolitan experience with guests from around the world. 

El hotel ofrecía una experiencia cosmopolita con huéspedes de todo el mundo.

infrastructure
infrastructure
[Sustantivo]

the physical and organizational assets, such as roads, bridges, utilities, and public services, that support economic activity and daily life

infraestructura

infraestructura

Ex: The city's infrastructure includes highways, water systems, and public transit. 

La infraestructura de la ciudad incluye carreteras, sistemas de agua y transporte público.

mild
mild
[Adjetivo]

(of weather) pleasantly warm and less cold than expected

templado

templado

Ex: The forecast predicted a mild weekend ahead. 

El pronóstico predijo un fin de semana suave por delante.

freedom
freedom
[Sustantivo]

the right to act, say, or think as one desires without being stopped, controlled, or restricted

libertad

libertad

Ex: The movement sought to protect the freedom of the press. 

El movimiento buscaba proteger la libertad de prensa.

healthcare
healthcare
[Sustantivo]

the health services and treatments given to people

atención médica, asistencia médica

atención médica, asistencia médica

Ex: She decided to pursue a career in healthcare because she wanted to help others. 

Ella decidió seguir una carrera en el sector de la salud porque quería ayudar a los demás.

standard of living

the level of wealth, welfare, comfort, and necessities available to an individual, group, country, etc.

nivel de vida

nivel de vida

Ex: Many people seek job opportunities abroad to achieve a higher standard of living for their families. 
monument
monument
[Sustantivo]

a structure built in honor of a public figure or a special event

monumento

monumento

Ex: The local community raised funds to build a monument dedicated to the town's founder. 
crime rate
crime rate
[Sustantivo]

the number or frequency of criminal offenses that occur within a specific population or geographic area over a particular period of time, often expressed as a ratio or percentage

tasa de criminalidad, índice de delincuencia

tasa de criminalidad, índice de delincuencia

Ex: Officials implemented new policies to reduce the crime rate. 

Los funcionarios implementaron nuevas políticas para reducir la tasa de criminalidad.

unemployment
unemployment
[Sustantivo]

the state of being without a job

desempleo, desocupación, paro

desempleo, desocupación, paro

Ex: He took on temporary work to make ends meet during a period of unemployment. 

Aceptó un trabajo temporal para llegar a fin de mes durante un período de desempleo.

congestion
congestion
[Sustantivo]

a state of being overcrowded or blocked, particularly in a street or road

congestión, embotellamiento

congestión, embotellamiento

Ex: The road was completely blocked due to congestion from an accident. 

La carretera estaba completamente bloqueada debido a la congestión por un accidente.

pollution
pollution
[Sustantivo]

a change in water, air, etc. that makes it harmful or dangerous

contaminación, polución

contaminación, polución

Ex: Due to the severe pollution, many species of birds no longer visit the area. 

Debido a la grave contaminación, muchas especies de aves ya no visitan el área.

racial
racial
[Adjetivo]

related to the way humankind is sometimes divided into, which is based on physical attributes or shared ancestry

racial

racial

Ex: The organization works to promote racial equality and social justice. 

La organización trabaja para promover la igualdad racial y la justicia social.

no-go area
no-go area
[Sustantivo]

a potentially dangerous area that people are not allowed to go in

zona prohibida, área restringida

zona prohibida, área restringida

Ex: The contaminated site is a no-go area due to the risk of toxic exposure. 

El sitio contaminado es una zona prohibida debido al riesgo de exposición tóxica.

nightlife
nightlife
[Sustantivo]

the social activities and entertainment options that take place after dark, typically involving bars, clubs, live music, and other forms of entertainment

vida nocturna, animación nocturna

vida nocturna, animación nocturna

Ex: The local guide recommended several hotspots for experiencing the best nightlife. 

El guía local recomendó varios puntos calientes para experimentar la mejor vida nocturna.

off the beaten (track|path|route)

in a place that is very far from where people usually go to

fuera de las rutas habituales, alejado del bullicio

fuera de las rutas habituales, alejado del bullicio

Ex: The beach is off the beaten route, so it is usually empty even in summer. 

La playa queda fuera de las rutas habituales, así que suele estar vacía incluso en verano.

unspoiled
unspoiled
[Adjetivo]

remaining fresh, pure, and unharmed, without any signs of decay or damage

intacto, virgen

intacto, virgen

Ex: The old photograph had been kept in a frame and remained unspoiled despite its age. 

La vieja fotografía había sido guardada en un marco y permanecía intacta a pesar de su edad.

diverse
diverse
[Adjetivo]

showing a variety of distinct types or qualities

diverso

diverso

Ex: She enjoys listening to diverse genres of music, from classical to jazz. 

A ella le gusta escuchar diversos géneros de música, desde el clásico hasta el jazz.

tranquil
tranquil
[Adjetivo]

feeling calm and peaceful, without any disturbances or things that might be upsetting

calmo

calmo

Ex: After the chaotic meeting, he sought a tranquil spot by the river to clear his mind. 

Después de la reunión caótica, buscó un lugar tranquilo junto al río para despejar su mente.

side by side
side by side
[Adjetivo]

describing two or more things that are positioned next to each other

uno al lado del otro, adyacentes

uno al lado del otro, adyacentes

Ex: The soldiers marched side by side in perfect formation. 

Los soldados marchaban uno al lado del otro en formación perfecta.

vast
vast
[Adjetivo]

extremely great in extent, size, or area

vasto, enorme

vasto, enorme

Ex: She inherited a vast estate that included forests, lakes, and farmland. 

Ella heredó una vasta propiedad que incluía bosques, lagos y tierras de cultivo.

rundown
rundown
[Adjetivo]

(of a place or building) in a very poor condition, often due to negligence

ruinoso

ruinoso

Ex: The rundown neighborhood had a high crime rate and few residents. 

El vecindario deteriorado tenía una alta tasa de criminalidad y pocos residentes.

stunning
stunning
[Adjetivo]

causing strong admiration or shock due to beauty or impact

impresionante, imponente

impresionante, imponente

Ex: The view from the mountaintop was absolutely stunning. 

La vista desde la cima de la montaña era absolutamente impresionante.

packed
packed
[Adjetivo]

densely filled or crowded with people or things

abarrotado, lleno

abarrotado, lleno

Ex: The theater was so packed that latecomers had to stand at the back. 

El teatro estaba tan lleno que los que llegaron tarde tuvieron que pararse al fondo.

bustling
bustling
[Adjetivo]

(of a place or environment) full of activity, energy, and excitement, often with a lot of people moving around and engaged in various tasks or social interactions

bullicioso, animado

bullicioso, animado

Ex: The bustling café was packed with students studying, friends chatting, and baristas preparing coffee. 

El café bullicioso estaba lleno de estudiantes estudiando, amigos charlando y baristas preparando café.

to catch on

(of a concept, trend, or idea) to become popular

ponerse de moda

ponerse de moda

Ex: She introduced a unique fashion style that caught on, inspiring many to adopt a similar look. 

Ella introdujo un estilo de moda único que prendió, inspirando a muchos a adoptar un look similar.

to turn up
to turn up
[Verbo]

to arrive at a location or event, often unexpectedly and without prior notice

aparecer, llegar

aparecer, llegar

Ex: The unexpected guest turned up at the family reunion. 

El invitado inesperado apareció en la reunión familiar.

to get by
to get by
[Verbo]

to be capable of living or doing something using the available resources, knowledge, money, etc.

arreglárselas, apañárselas

arreglárselas, apañárselas

Ex: They had to get by on a tight budget while they were between jobs. 

Tenían que arreglárselas con un presupuesto ajustado mientras estaban entre trabajos.

to fit in
to fit in
[Verbo]

to be socially fit for or belong within a particular group or environment

congeniar

congeniar

Ex: It took a while for the new employee to fit in with the team, but eventually, they became close-knit. 

Al nuevo empleado le tomó un tiempo encajar con el equipo, pero eventualmente, se volvieron muy unidos.

to do up
to do up
[Verbo]

to make oneself look neat or stylish, especially by dressing up or putting on makeup

arreglarse, emperifollarse

arreglarse, emperifollarse

Ex: The actors spent hours in the dressing room getting done up in elaborate costumes and makeup for the performance. 

Los actores pasaron horas en el camerino arreglándose con elaborados disfraces y maquillaje para la actuación.

to fill in
to fill in
[Verbo]

to write all the information that is needed in a form

llenar

llenar

Ex: The secretary filled the boss's schedule in with the upcoming appointments. 

La secretaria llenó la agenda del jefe con las próximas citas.

hold up
hold up
[Oración]

used to ask someone to wait or momentarily stop what they are doing

retrasar

retrasar

Ex: Hold up, I think we are going in the wrong direction. 
to carry out

to complete or conduct a task, job, etc.

realizar

realizar

Ex: The detective was assigned to carry out the investigation into the mysterious disappearance. 

Al detective se le asignó llevar a cabo la investigación sobre la desaparición misteriosa.

to come across

to discover, meet, or find someone or something by accident

encontrar

encontrar

Ex: I was browsing through a bookstore when I came across a novel that caught my attention. 

Estaba hojeando en una librería cuando me encontré con una novela que llamó mi atención.

to take to
to take to
[Verbo]

to start to like someone or something

encariñarse con, aficionarse a

encariñarse con, aficionarse a

Ex: She took to her new neighbor after a few friendly conversations. 

Ella tomó cariño a su nuevo vecino después de algunas conversaciones amistosas.

to see to
to see to
[Verbo]

to attend to a specific task or responsibility

ocuparse

ocuparse

Ex: Could you see to the paperwork while I'm away? 

¿Podrías encargarte del papeleo mientras estoy fuera?

to get through

to succeed in passing or enduring a difficult experience or period

aguantar

aguantar

Ex: The therapy sessions helped him get through his emotional struggles. 

Las sesiones de terapia lo ayudaron a superar sus luchas emocionales.

to come up with

to create something, usually an idea, a solution, or a plan, through one's own efforts or thinking

idear

idear

Ex: I am trying to come up with a new marketing strategy for the company. 

Estoy intentando elaborar una nueva estrategia de marketing para la empresa.

to keep up
to keep up
[Verbo]

to stay knowledgeable and informed about current events or developments in a specific field or area of interest

mantenerse al día, estar al corriente

mantenerse al día, estar al corriente

Ex: As a journalist, she reads multiple newspapers daily to keep up with current events. 

Como periodista, ella lee múltiples periódicos diariamente para mantenerse al día con los eventos actuales.

to come down to

to be the most important factor in a situation

ser cuestión de

ser cuestión de

Ex: The decision to move forward came down to the budget constraints. 

La decisión de avanzar se redujo a las limitaciones presupuestarias.

to get away

to escape from someone or somewhere

escaparse

escaparse

Ex: The spy needed to get away from the enemy agents who were pursuing him. 

El espía necesitaba escapar de los agentes enemigos que lo perseguían.

to take off

to leave a surface and begin flying

despegar

despegar

Ex: Birds effortlessly take off into the sky with a flap of their wings. 

Los pájaros despegan sin esfuerzo hacia el cielo con un aleteo de sus alas.

to pay back

to return an amount of money that was borrowed

devolver, pagar de vuelta

devolver, pagar de vuelta

Ex: The company agreed to pay back the investment over a period of five years. 

La empresa acordó devolver la inversión en un período de cinco años.

to look after

to take care of someone or something and attend to their needs, well-being, or safety

cuidar

cuidar

Ex: The gardener looks after the garden by weeding, watering, and pruning the plants. 

El jardinero cuida del jardín deshierbando, regando y podando las plantas.

to catch up

to reach the same level or status as someone or something else, especially after falling behind

ponerse al día, alcanzar

ponerse al día, alcanzar

Ex: Despite the initial delays, the construction crew managed to catch up on the timeline. 

A pesar de los retrasos iniciales, el equipo de construcción logró ponerse al día con el cronograma.

to stay on
to stay on
[Verbo]

to remain in a specific place, job, or program for a longer period

permanecer, seguir

permanecer, seguir

Ex: I plan to stay on at the company until I reach retirement age. 

Planeo seguir en la empresa hasta que llegue a la edad de jubilación.

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