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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL - Biology
Here you will learn some English words about biology, such as "enzyme", "microbe", "fetus", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.
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anatomy
[noun]
the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants
chromosome
[noun]
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
X chromosome
[noun]
a sex chromosome, two of which exist in female cells and only one in male cells
enzyme
[noun]
a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself
antigen
[noun]
any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system
microbe
[noun]
a very small living organism that cannot be seen without a microscope and can cause a disease
to incubate
[verb]
to retain something such as eggs or bacteria in a favorable condition to help them develop
fetus
[noun]
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
embryo
[noun]
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
mutant
[noun]
a living organism that is different from its kind because of a genetic change
lymph
[noun]
a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading
stem cell
[noun]
(biology) a basic type of cell in a multicellular organism, which develops into different kinds of cells with different functions
membrane
[noun]
a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism
lipid
[noun]
any of a class of organic substances that don't dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids
neuron
[noun]
a cell that is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body
neurotransmitter
[noun]
a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle
mitochondrion
[noun]
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells that is responsible for energy production
cortisol
[noun]
a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases
testosterone
[noun]
a hormone related to gender that is produced by male body to develop typical male features
insulin
[noun]
a hormone that is responsible for controlling the level of glucose in the blood, the lack of which can cause diabetes
to secrete
[verb]
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
RNA
[noun]
(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the information from DNA to control the cellular protein biosynthesis
receptor
[noun]
a sense organ or nerve ending that can respond to external stimuli and is able to transmit data to the central nervous system
dominant
[adjective]
(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome
genetic code
[noun]
the ordering of nucleotides in DNA molecules that carries the genetic information in living cells
stimulus
[noun]
something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology
estrogen
[noun]
a hormone primarily responsible for female reproductive development and regulation
hybrid
[noun]
an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties
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