Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Biology

the branch of science that is concerned with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

any foreign substance in the body that can trigger a response from the immune system

an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

(of a female animal or human) to produce an ovum from the ovary

to experience genetic changes

a colorless liquid consisting of white blood cells that helps to prevent infections from spreading

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

a chemical substance that transmits messages from a neuron to another one or to a muscle

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

(of genes) causing a person to inherit a particular physical feature, even if it is only present in one parent's genome

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to