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Aklat Headway - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 4

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 4 sa Headway Upper Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "kapani-paniwala", "hindi ginagamit", "paggawa", atbp.

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Headway - Upper Intermediate
opposite
[pang-uri]

located across from a particular thing, typically separated by an intervening space

kabaligtaran, kabilang

kabaligtaran, kabilang

Ex: We waited at the opposite platform for the next train .Naghintay kami sa **kabilang** platform para sa susunod na tren.
antonym
[Pangngalan]

a word or phrase that has an opposite or contrasting meaning to another word or phrase

antonim, kasalungat

antonim, kasalungat

Ex: Understanding antonyms can help improve your vocabulary and writing skills .Ang pag-unawa sa **antonim** ay maaaring makatulong sa pagpapabuti ng iyong bokabularyo at kasanayan sa pagsulat.
prefix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

panlapi

panlapi

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding .Ang diksyunaryo ay nagbigay ng isang listahan ng mga **unlapi** at ang kanilang mga kahulugan upang makatulong sa pagbuo at pag-unawa ng mga salita.
reliable
[pang-uri]

able to be trusted to perform consistently well and meet expectations

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

Ex: The reliable product has a reputation for durability and performance .Ang **maaasahan** na produkto ay may reputasyon para sa tibay at performance.
credible
[pang-uri]

able to be believed or relied on

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

Ex: The expert 's testimony was considered credible due to his extensive experience and qualifications in the field .Ang patotoo ng eksperto ay itinuring na **mapagkakatiwalaan** dahil sa kanyang malawak na karanasan at kwalipikasyon sa larangan.
probable
[pang-uri]

having a high possibility of happening or being true based on available evidence or circumstances

malamang

malamang

Ex: The archaeologist believes it 's probable that the ancient ruins discovered belong to a previously unknown civilization .Naniniwala ang arkeologo na **posible** na ang sinaunang mga guho na natuklasan ay kabilang sa isang sibilisasyong hindi pa nakikilala dati.
honest
[pang-uri]

telling the truth and having no intention of cheating or stealing

matapat

matapat

Ex: Even in difficult situations , she remained honest and transparent , refusing to compromise her principles .Kahit sa mahirap na sitwasyon, nanatili siyang **tapat** at transparent, tumangging ikompromiso ang kanyang mga prinsipyo.
legal
[pang-uri]

related to the law or the legal system

legal, batas

legal, batas

Ex: The company was sued for violating legal regulations regarding environmental protection .Ang kumpanya ay isinakdal dahil sa paglabag sa mga **legal** na regulasyon tungkol sa proteksyon ng kapaligiran.
responsible
[pang-uri]

(of a person) having an obligation to do something or to take care of someone or something as part of one's job or role

may pananagutan

may pananagutan

Ex: Drivers should be responsible for following traffic laws and ensuring road safety .Ang mga drayber ay dapat na **may pananagutan** sa pagsunod sa mga batas sa trapiko at pagtiyak sa kaligtasan sa kalsada.
abused
[pang-uri]

having been subjected to excessive use or mistreatment, resulting in damage or wear

inaabuso, pinagmamalupitan

inaabuso, pinagmamalupitan

disused
[pang-uri]

previously in use but is now abandoned, neglected, or no longer in operation

hindi na ginagamit, inabandona

hindi na ginagamit, inabandona

unused
[pang-uri]

not put into action by anyone before

hindi nagamit, di nagamit

hindi nagamit, di nagamit

Ex: The room remained pristine and unused since the renovation .Ang silid ay nanatiling pristino at **hindi nagamit** mula noong renovasyon.
to misuse
[Pandiwa]

to use something improperly or incorrectly

pag-abuso, maling paggamit

pag-abuso, maling paggamit

Ex: The research findings were misused to justify harmful policies .Ang mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik ay **maling ginamit** upang bigyang-katwiran ang mga nakakapinsalang patakaran.
to overuse
[Pandiwa]

to use something excessively or beyond reasonable limits

labis na paggamit, abuso sa paggamit

labis na paggamit, abuso sa paggamit

Ex: Overusing credit cards without proper financial management can lead to accumulating debt and financial instability .Ang **sobrang paggamit** ng mga credit card nang walang tamang pamamahala sa pananalapi ay maaaring magdulot ng pagkakabaon sa utang at kawalan ng katatagan sa pananalapi.
to underuse
[Pandiwa]

to use something less than it should be or less than its full potential

hindi gaanong gamitin, gamitin nang mas mababa sa potensyal nito

hindi gaanong gamitin, gamitin nang mas mababa sa potensyal nito

Ex: Many companies underuse their employees ’ skills by not providing challenging tasks .Maraming kumpanya ang **hindi lubos na nagagamit** ang mga kasanayan ng kanilang mga empleyado sa pamamagitan ng hindi pagbibigay ng mga hamong gawain.
fake
[pang-uri]

designed to resemble the real thing but lacking authenticity

pekeng, huwad

pekeng, huwad

Ex: The company produced fake diamonds that were nearly indistinguishable from real ones .Ang kumpanya ay gumawa ng mga **pekeng** brilyante na halos hindi makikilala mula sa tunay.
to like
[Pandiwa]

to feel that someone or something is good, enjoyable, or interesting

gusto, ibig

gusto, ibig

Ex: What kind of music do you like?Anong uri ng musika ang **gusto** mo?
tiny
[pang-uri]

extremely small

napakaliit, maliit na maliit

napakaliit, maliit na maliit

Ex: The tiny kitten fit comfortably in the palm of her hand .Ang **napakaliit** na kuting ay kasya nang kumportable sa kanyang palad.
happiness
[Pangngalan]

the feeling of being happy and well

kaligayahan, kasiyahan

kaligayahan, kasiyahan

Ex: Finding balance in life is essential for overall happiness and well-being .Ang paghahanap ng balanse sa buhay ay mahalaga para sa pangkalahatang kaligayahan at kagalingan.
guilty
[pang-uri]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

may-sala, responsable

may-sala, responsable

Ex: The jury found the defendant guilty of the crime based on the evidence presented .Natagpuan ng hurado ang akusado na **nagkasala** sa krimen batay sa ebidensyang iniharap.
safe
[pang-uri]

protected from any danger

ligtas, protektado

ligtas, protektado

Ex: After the storm passed , they felt safe to return to their houses and assess the damage .Matapos lumipas ang bagyo, naramdaman nilang **ligtas** na bumalik sa kanilang mga bahay at suriin ang pinsala.
to allow
[Pandiwa]

to let someone or something do a particular thing

pahintulutan, hayaan

pahintulutan, hayaan

Ex: The rules do not allow smoking in this area .Ang mga tuntunin ay hindi **nagpapahintulot** ng paninigarilyo sa lugar na ito.
to improve
[Pandiwa]

to make a person or thing better

pagbutihin, pahusayin

pagbutihin, pahusayin

Ex: She took workshops to improve her language skills for career advancement .Sumali siya sa mga workshop upang **mapabuti** ang kanyang mga kasanayan sa wika para sa pag-unlad ng karera.
sincere
[pang-uri]

(of statements, feelings, beliefs, or behavior) showing what is true and honest, based on one's real opinions or feelings

taos-puso

taos-puso

Ex: It was clear from his sincere tone that he truly cared about the issue .Malinaw mula sa kanyang **taos-pusong** tono na talagang nagmamalasakit siya sa isyu.
success
[Pangngalan]

the fact of reaching what one tried for or desired

tagumpay, pagkakamit

tagumpay, pagkakamit

Ex: Success comes with patience and effort .Ang **tagumpay** ay dumarating sa pasensya at pagsisikap.
to mature
[Pandiwa]

to develop mentally, physically, and emotionally

maghinog, umunlad

maghinog, umunlad

Ex: The adolescent slowly matured, gaining more confidence and independence .Ang tinedyer ay dahan-dahang nag-mature, nakakakuha ng higit na kumpiyansa at kalayaan.
to encourage
[Pandiwa]

to provide someone with support, hope, or confidence

hikayatin, suportahan

hikayatin, suportahan

Ex: The supportive community rallied together to encourage the local artist , helping her believe in her talent and pursue a career in the arts .Ang suportadong komunidad ay nagkaisa upang **hikayatin** ang lokal na artista, tinutulungan siyang maniwala sa kanyang talento at ituloy ang isang karera sa sining.
generous
[pang-uri]

having a willingness to freely give or share something with others, without expecting anything in return

mapagbigay,  bukas-palad

mapagbigay, bukas-palad

Ex: They thanked her for the generous offer to pay for the repairs .Pinasalamatan nila siya sa **mapagbigay** na alok na bayaran ang mga pag-aayos.
to appear
[Pandiwa]

to become visible and noticeable

lumitaw, magpakita

lumitaw, magpakita

Ex: Suddenly , a figure appeared in the doorway , silhouetted against the bright light behind them .Bigla, isang pigura ang **lumitaw** sa pintuan, na naka-silweta laban sa maliwanag na ilaw sa likuran nila.
tough
[pang-uri]

difficult to achieve or deal with

mahirap, matigas

mahirap, matigas

Ex: Balancing work and family responsibilities can be tough for working parents .Ang pagbabalanse sa trabaho at mga responsibilidad sa pamilya ay maaaring **mahirap** para sa mga nagtatrabahong magulang.
clear
[pang-uri]

without clouds or mist

malinaw, walang ulap

malinaw, walang ulap

Ex: They went sailing on the clear, sunny day .Naglayag sila sa isang **malinaw**, maaraw na araw.

knowledge that gives someone relief as they did nothing wrong and should not feel guilty

Ex: Knowing that she had always treated others with kindness and fairness, she went to bed each night with a clear conscience and a peaceful mind.
fair
[pang-uri]

(of skin or hair) very light in color

maliwanag, blonde

maliwanag, blonde

Ex: The artist used light tones to depict the character 's fair features .Ginamit ng artista ang mga light tone upang ilarawan ang mga **fair** na katangian ng karakter.
hard
[pang-uri]

very difficult to cut, bend, or break

matigas, matibay

matigas, matibay

Ex: The surface of the table was hard and smooth .Ang ibabaw ng mesa ay **matigas** at makinis.
mattress
[Pangngalan]

the part of a bed made of soft material on which a person sleeps

kutson, mattres

kutson, mattres

Ex: He prefers a firm mattress because it helps support his back .Mas gusto niya ang isang matigas na **kutson** dahil nakakatulong ito sa pag-suporta sa kanyang likod.
hard
[pang-uri]

needing a lot of skill or effort to do

mahirap, masalimuot

mahirap, masalimuot

Ex: Completing a marathon is hard, but many people train hard to achieve this goal .Ang pagtapos ng marathon ay **mahirap**, ngunit maraming tao ang nagsasanay nang husto upang makamit ang layuning ito.
live
[pang-uri]

having life or currently alive

buhay, nabubuhay

buhay, nabubuhay

Ex: He was relieved to find the missing cat live and well.Nabawasan ang kanyang pag-aalala nang mahanap niya ang nawawalang pusa na **buhay** at maayos.
animal
[Pangngalan]

a living thing, like a cat or a dog, that can move and needs food to stay alive, but not a plant or a human

hayop, nilalang

hayop, nilalang

Ex: Whales are incredible marine animals that migrate long distances.Ang mga balyena ay kamangha-manghang mga **hayop** sa dagat na naglalakbay nang malalayong distansya.
live
[pang-uri]

(of TV or radio broadcasts) aired at the exact moment the events are taking place, without any earlier recording or editing

live, direkta

live, direkta

Ex: The news channel provided live coverage of the presidential debate.Ang news channel ay nagbigay ng **live** na coverage ng presidential debate.
concert
[Pangngalan]

a public performance by musicians or singers

konsiyerto

konsiyerto

Ex: The school is hosting a concert to showcase the students ' musical talents .Ang paaralan ay nagho-host ng isang **konsiyerto** upang ipakita ang mga talento sa musika ng mga mag-aaral.
light
[pang-uri]

(of sound) having little volume or intensity

magaan, malambot

magaan, malambot

Ex: The light hum of the air conditioner was barely noticeable in the quiet room .Ang mahinang huni ng air conditioner ay halos hindi napapansin sa tahimik na silid.
evidence
[Pangngalan]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

ebidensya, katibayan

ebidensya, katibayan

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .Ang mga dokumentong pangkasaysayan at artifact ay nagsisilbing mahalagang **ebidensya** para maunawaan ang mga nakaraang sibilisasyon at pangyayari.
fiction
[Pangngalan]

an intentionally false or unlikely story

kathang-isip, gawa-gawa

kathang-isip, gawa-gawa

Ex: The movie is based on a mixture of fact and fiction.Ang pelikula ay batay sa isang halo ng katotohanan at **kathang-isip**.
bias
[Pangngalan]

a prejudice that prevents fair consideration of a situation

Ex: The judge recused himself from the case to avoid any perception of bias due to his personal connection with one of the parties involved .
fabrication
[Pangngalan]

the act of deliberately creating or inventing false information or stories, often with the intention to deceive or mislead

paggawa,  pag-imbento

paggawa, pag-imbento

Ex: The report was dismissed as a fabrication, lacking any credible evidence .Ang ulat ay tinanggihan bilang isang **kathang-isip**, na walang anumang kapani-paniwalang ebidensya.
real
[pang-uri]

having actual existence and not imaginary

tunay, totoo

tunay, totoo

Ex: The tears in her eyes were real as she said goodbye to her beloved pet .Ang mga luha sa kanyang mga mata ay **tunay** habang siya ay nagpapaalam sa kanyang minamahal na alaga.
bogus
[pang-uri]

not authentic or true, despite attempting to make it seem so

peke, hindi tunay

peke, hindi tunay

Ex: The website selling cheap electronics turned out to be bogus, with customers receiving low-quality knockoff items .Ang website na nagbebenta ng murang electronics ay naging **peke**, na ang mga customer ay tumatanggap ng mga low-quality na pekeng item.
accurate
[pang-uri]

(of measurements, information, etc.) free from errors and matching facts

tumpak,  wasto

tumpak, wasto

Ex: The historian ’s account of the war was accurate, drawing from primary sources .Ang salaysay ng istoryador tungkol sa digmaan ay **tumpak**, batay sa mga pangunahing sanggunian.
fake
[pang-uri]

intentionally misleading or deceptive

pekeng, huwad

pekeng, huwad

Ex: The fake signature fooled many people .Nilinlang ng **pekeng** pirma ang maraming tao.
doubtful
[pang-uri]

improbable or unlikely to happen or be the case

duda, hindi tiyak

duda, hindi tiyak

Ex: The explanation seems doubtful, considering all the facts .Ang paliwanag ay tila **kahina-hinala**, isinasaalang-alang ang lahat ng mga katotohanan.
fact
[Pangngalan]

something that is known to be true or real, especially when it can be proved

katotohanan, reyalidad

katotohanan, reyalidad

Ex: The detective gathered facts and clues to solve the mystery.Ang detective ay nagtipon ng **mga katotohanan** at mga clue upang malutas ang misteryo.
fantasist
[Pangngalan]

a person who imagines or believes things that are not real

pantasista, mangarap

pantasista, mangarap

Ex: A fantasist might struggle to separate dreams from reality .Ang isang **pantasista** ay maaaring mahirapan na paghiwalayin ang mga pangarap sa katotohanan.
exaggeration
[Pangngalan]

the act of overstating or stretching the truth beyond what is accurate or realistic

pagmamalabis, pagpapalaki

pagmamalabis, pagpapalaki

Ex: The comedian ’s humor relies on exaggeration to make everyday situations funnier .Ang humor ng komedyante ay umaasa sa **pagmamalabis** upang gawing mas nakakatawa ang mga pang-araw-araw na sitwasyon.
prejudice
[Pangngalan]

an unreasonable opinion or judgment based on dislike felt for a person, group, etc., particularly because of their race, sex, etc.

paninibago, pagkiling

paninibago, pagkiling

Ex: The novel explores themes of prejudice and social inequality .Tinalakay ng nobela ang mga tema ng **prehuwisyo** at hindi pagkakapantay-pantay sa lipunan.
reliable
[pang-uri]

based on sound reasoning or evidence and can be trusted to be accurate

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

maaasahan, mapagkakatiwalaan

conspiracy theory
[Pangngalan]

a belief or explanation that suggests a secret group or organization is responsible for an event, often involving illegal or dishonest activities

teorya ng pagsasabwatan, konspirasyong teorya

teorya ng pagsasabwatan, konspirasyong teorya

Ex: Believing the moon landing was fake is a common conspiracy theory.Ang paniniwala na peke ang paglanding sa buwan ay isang karaniwang **teorya ng pagsasabwatan**.
lousy
[pang-uri]

very low quality or unpleasant

masama, nakakainis

masama, nakakainis

Ex: The lousy weather ruined our plans for a picnic .Ang **masamang** panahon ay sinira ang aming mga plano para sa isang piknik.
tropical
[pang-uri]

associated with or characteristic of the tropics, regions of the Earth near the equator known for their warm climate and lush vegetation

tropikal, ekwatoryal

tropikal, ekwatoryal

Ex: The tropical sun provides abundant warmth and energy for photosynthesis in plants .Ang **tropical** na araw ay nagbibigay ng masaganang init at enerhiya para sa potosintesis sa mga halaman.
awful
[pang-uri]

extremely unpleasant or disagreeable

kakila-kilabot, napakasama

kakila-kilabot, napakasama

Ex: They received some awful news about their friend 's accident .Nakatanggap sila ng **kakila-kilabot** na balita tungkol sa aksidente ng kanilang kaibigan.
delicious
[pang-uri]

having a very pleasant flavor

masarap, malinamnam

masarap, malinamnam

Ex: The grilled fish was perfectly seasoned and tasted delicious.Ang inihaw na isda ay perpektong naseason at malasa **masarap**.
small
[pang-uri]

below average in physical size

maliit, munting

maliit, munting

Ex: The small cottage nestled comfortably in the forest clearing .Ang **maliit** na kubo ay kumportableng nakahilig sa clearing ng kagubatan.
boring
[pang-uri]

making us feel tired and unsatisfied because of not being interesting

nakakabagot, nakakapagod

nakakabagot, nakakapagod

Ex: The TV show was boring, so I switched the channel .Ang TV show ay **nakakabagot**, kaya nagpalit ako ng channel.
stale
[pang-uri]

(of food, particularly cake and bread) not fresh anymore, due to exposure to air or prolonged storage

panis, luma

panis, luma

Ex: The chips were stale and unappealing , having been left exposed to air for too long .Ang mga chips ay **panis** at hindi kaakit-akit, dahil matagal na itong naiwan sa hangin.
stingy
[pang-uri]

unwilling to spend or give away money or resources

kuripot, maramot

kuripot, maramot

Ex: The stingy donor gave only a minimal amount , even though they could afford much more .Ang **kuripot** na nagbigay ay nagbigay lamang ng kaunting halaga, kahit na kaya nilang magbigay ng higit pa.
how come
[Pangungusap]

used to ask for an explanation or reason for something

Ex: How come you 're not coming to the party tonight ?
vegetarian
[Pangngalan]

someone who avoids eating meat

vegetarian, vegan

vegetarian, vegan

Ex: She has been a vegetarian for five years and feels healthier .Siya ay **vegetarian** sa loob ng limang taon at mas malusog ang pakiramdam.
vegan
[Pangngalan]

someone who does not consume or use anything that is produced from animals, such as meat, milk, or eggs

vegan, vegetarianong mahigpit

vegan, vegetarianong mahigpit

Ex: The vegans in the group shared tips and recipes for making vegan versions of their favorite dishes .Ang mga **vegan** sa grupo ay nagbahagi ng mga tip at recipe para sa paggawa ng mga vegan na bersyon ng kanilang mga paboritong pagkain.
insomniac
[Pangngalan]

someone who has persistent difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting quality sleep

insomniac, taong hindi makatulog nang maayos

insomniac, taong hindi makatulog nang maayos

Ex: She joined an online forum for insomniacs to share tips and experiences .Sumali siya sa isang online forum para sa mga **insomniac** upang magbahagi ng mga tip at karanasan.
teetotaler
[Pangngalan]

a person who never drinks alcohol

taong hindi umiinom ng alak, taong hindi nag-iinom ng alkohol

taong hindi umiinom ng alak, taong hindi nag-iinom ng alkohol

Ex: Despite being a teetotaler, he hosted wine-tasting events for friends .Sa kabila ng pagiging isang **teetotaler**, nag-host siya ng mga wine-tasting event para sa mga kaibigan.
pacifist
[Pangngalan]

an individual who is against war and violence as a way to settle disagreements or conflicts

pasipiko

pasipiko

Ex: Despite threats , the pacifist continued to speak out against violence and aggression .Sa kabila ng mga banta, ang **pasipista** ay patuloy na nagsalita laban sa karahasan at agresyon.
atheist
[Pangngalan]

someone who does not believe in the existence of God or gods

ateista, hindi naniniwala sa Diyos

ateista, hindi naniniwala sa Diyos

Ex: He became an atheist after studying various religions during college .Naging isang **ateista** siya matapos pag-aralan ang iba't ibang relihiyon noong kolehiyo.
xenophobe
[Pangngalan]

someone who irrationally fears or dislikes things or people that seem foreign or different, often leading to prejudice

xenophobe, taong may takot o pagkamuhi sa mga banyaga

xenophobe, taong may takot o pagkamuhi sa mga banyaga

Ex: The travel group clashed with a xenophobe who refused to respect local customs .Ang grupo ng paglalakbay ay nagkagalit sa isang **xenophobe** na tumangging igalang ang lokal na mga kaugalian.
anti-royalist
[Pangngalan]

someone who opposes or rejects the institution of monarchy, often advocating for its abolition

anti-royalista, tagasalungat ng monarkiya

anti-royalista, tagasalungat ng monarkiya

Ex: As an anti-royalist, she viewed royal privileges as unfair and undemocratic .Bilang isang **anti-royalist**, itinuring niyang hindi patas at hindi demokratiko ang mga pribilehiyo ng hari.
technophobe
[Pangngalan]

someone who is resistant or apprehensive towards technology, often avoiding or expressing fear or aversion towards its use or adoption

technophobe, taong may pagtutol o takot sa teknolohiya

technophobe, taong may pagtutol o takot sa teknolohiya

Ex: The technophobe refused to try online banking , fearing security risks .Ang **technophobe** ay tumangging subukan ang online banking, dahil sa takot sa mga panganib sa seguridad.
environmentalist
[Pangngalan]

a person who is concerned with the environment and tries to protect it

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

environmentalista, tagapagtanggol ng kalikasan

Ex: The environmentalist worked with local communities to promote sustainable farming practices .Ang **environmentalist** ay nagtrabaho kasama ang mga lokal na komunidad upang itaguyod ang mga sustainable farming practices.
hypocrite
[Pangngalan]

someone who pretends to have virtues or beliefs they do not practice, often contradicting their own stated values or engaging in deceptive behavior

hipokrito, mapagpanggap

hipokrito, mapagpanggap

Ex: Her friends labeled her a hypocrite for criticizing gossip while spreading rumors .Tinawag siya ng kanyang mga kaibigan na **hipokrito** sa pagsaway sa tsismis habang nagkakalat ng mga bali-balita.
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