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Opinyon at Pangangatwiran - Paggawa ng Argumento

Dito matututo ka ng ilang salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa paggawa ng argumento tulad ng "claim", "arguably", at "defensible".

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
ad hominem
ad hominem
[pang-uri]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem (ng isang argumento) na nakadirekta laban sa isang tao at hindi sa kanilang pananaw

ad hominem (ng isang argumento) na nakadirekta laban sa isang tao at hindi sa kanilang pananaw

a link in the chain

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

Ex: Jane's attention to detail is a crucial link in the chain for quality control, ensuring the products meet the highest standards. 
ammunition
ammunition
[Pangngalan]

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

munisyon, mga argumento

munisyon, mga argumento

Ex: The lawyer gathered substantial ammunition to strengthen her case in court. 

Ang abogado ay nagtipon ng malaking munisyon para palakasin ang kanyang kaso sa korte.

anyway
anyway
[pang-abay]

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

gayunpaman,  kahit papaano

gayunpaman, kahit papaano

apologia
apologia
[Pangngalan]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

apolohiya, nakasulat na depensa

apolohiya, nakasulat na depensa

aporia
aporia
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporia, teoretikal na deadlock

aporia, teoretikal na deadlock

arguable
arguable
[pang-uri]

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

maipapagtatalunan, kahina-hinala

maipapagtatalunan, kahina-hinala

Ex: The fairness of the election is arguable, with different viewpoints on the matter. 

Ang patas ng eleksyon ay maaring pagtalunan, na may iba't ibang pananaw sa bagay.

arguably
arguably
[pang-abay]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

maaaring,  posibleng

maaaring, posibleng

Ex: He is arguably the best player in the league, consistently delivering outstanding performances. 

Siya ay maaaring ang pinakamahusay na manlalaro sa liga, palaging nagbibigay ng pambihirang pagganap.

to argue
to argue
[Pandiwa]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

makipagtalo, magtalo

makipagtalo, magtalo

Ex: He argued against the proposal, citing potential negative consequences for the economy. 

Siya ay nagtalo laban sa panukala, na binanggit ang posibleng negatibong mga kahihinatnan para sa ekonomiya.

argument
argument
[Pangngalan]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argumento,  pangangatwiran

argumento, pangangatwiran

argumentation
argumentation
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentasyon

argumentasyon

argumentative
argumentative
[pang-uri]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

argumentative,  palaaway

argumentative, palaaway

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 

Ang kanyang mapagtalo na kalikasan ay madalas na humahantong sa mainit na talakayan sa kanyang mga kapantay.

a stick to beat {sb/sth} with

something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

at the same time

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

Ex: She defended her thesis at the same time as managing a lab. 
to belabor the point

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

to [be] on (firm|solid) ground

to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

by extension
by extension
[Parirala]

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

to carry
to carry
[Pandiwa]

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

kumbinsihin, makuha ang suporta

kumbinsihin, makuha ang suporta

Ex: The professor's engaging lecture style carried the students, making complex concepts accessible. 

Ang nakakaengganyong istilo ng lektura ng propesor ay nagdala sa mga estudyante, na ginawang accessible ang mga kumplikadong konsepto.

case
case
[Pangngalan]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

kaso, argumento

kaso, argumento

Ex: The lawyer built a strong case by presenting a series of compelling pieces of evidence. 

Ang abogado ay nagtayo ng isang matibay na kaso sa pamamagitan ng paglalahad ng sunud-sunod na nakakumbinsi na ebidensya.

casuistry
casuistry
[Pangngalan]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kasuistika, sopistikahan

kasuistika, sopistikahan

circular
circular
[pang-uri]

(of reasoning or argument) using a statement to prove itself

pabilog, tautolohikal

pabilog, tautolohikal

Ex: His explanation was criticized as circular reasoning. 

Ang kanyang paliwanag ay kinritisismo bilang pabilog na pangangatwiran.

circularity
circularity
[Pangngalan]

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

pagkabilog, pangangatwirang pabilog

pagkabilog, pangangatwirang pabilog

to claim
to claim
[Pandiwa]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

mag-claim, magpahayag

mag-claim, magpahayag

Ex: Right now, the marketing campaign is actively claiming the product to be the best in the market. 

Sa ngayon, aktibong inaangkin ng marketing campaign na ang produkto ang pinakamahusay sa merkado.

chink in {one's} armor

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

kahinaan, butas sa depensa

kahinaan, butas sa depensa

Ex: His lack of experience was the chink in his armor. 

Kakulangan niya sa karanasan ang kahinaan niya.

claim
claim
[Pangngalan]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

pahayag, pag-angkin

pahayag, pag-angkin

Ex: Their claim that the event was canceled was unverified and caused confusion among attendees. 

Ang kanilang pahayag na ang kaganapan ay nakansela ay hindi napatunayan at nagdulot ng pagkalito sa mga dumalo.

to climb down
to climb down
[Pandiwa]

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

bumaba, aminin ang pagkakamali

bumaba, aminin ang pagkakamali

clincher
clincher
[Pangngalan]

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

mapagpasyang argumento, kumbinsideng ebidensya

mapagpasyang argumento, kumbinsideng ebidensya

to concede
to concede
[Pandiwa]

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

aminin, tanggapin nang hindi buong puso

aminin, tanggapin nang hindi buong puso

Ex: After a heated debate, he finally conceded that he might have been wrong. 

Pagkatapos ng isang mainit na debate, sa wakas ay aminin niya na maaaring siya ay nagkamali.

to confute
to confute
[Pandiwa]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

pabulaanan, pasinungalingan

pabulaanan, pasinungalingan

Ex: The scientist confuted the flawed hypothesis with rigorous experimentation. 

Binuhatan ng siyentipiko ang may depektong haka-haka sa pamamagitan ng mahigpit na eksperimentasyon.

consistently
consistently
[pang-abay]

in a way that is always the same

pare-pareho,  palagian

pare-pareho, palagian

Ex: He consistently delivers high-quality work on every project. 

Siya ay palagi naghahatid ng mataas na kalidad na trabaho sa bawat proyekto.

to contend
to contend
[Pandiwa]

to argue the truth of something

magtanggol, magpahayag

magtanggol, magpahayag

Ex: The lawyer contended that her client was innocent based on new evidence presented in court. 

Ipinagtanggol ng abogado na inosente ang kanyang kliyente batay sa bagong ebidensyang ipinakita sa korte.

corollary
corollary
[Pangngalan]

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

bunga, kinalabasan

bunga, kinalabasan

Ex: The rise in crime rates was a corollary of the economic downturn. 

Ang pagtaas ng mga rate ng krimen ay isang kahihinatnan ng pagbagsak ng ekonomiya.

count
count
[Pangngalan]

an individual argument, allegation, or item under discussion in reasoning or debate

paratang, akusasyon

paratang, akusasyon

Ex: The lawyer addressed each count in the indictment. 

Hinarap ng abogado ang bawat paratang sa akusasyon.

counterargument
counterargument
[Pangngalan]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontra-argumento, salungat na pananaw

kontra-argumento, salungat na pananaw

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 

Inasahan niya ang mga kontra-argumento sa kanyang panukala at naghanda ng matatapang na pagtutol.

counterexample
counterexample
[Pangngalan]

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

kontrahalimbawa, halimbawang salungat

kontrahalimbawa, halimbawang salungat

credible
credible
[pang-uri]

able to be believed or relied on

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

mapagkakatiwalaan, kapani-paniwala

Ex: After all the evidence was presented, her alibi seemed more credible than before. 

Matapos ang lahat ng ebidensya ay ipinakita, ang kanyang alibi ay tila mas kapani-paniwala kaysa dati.

defense
defense
[Pangngalan]

a legal case or argument presented by the accused to deny guilt and seek acquittal

depensa, pagtatanggol

depensa, pagtatanggol

Ex: The judge considered the defense before delivering a verdict. 

Isinaalang-alang ng hukom ang depensa bago magbigay ng hatol.

to defend
to defend
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

ipagtanggol, suportahan

ipagtanggol, suportahan

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 

Nagsumikap siya upang ipagtanggol ang kanyang pananaliksik laban sa mga kritiko sa akademikong komunidad.

defensible
defensible
[pang-uri]

having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

mapagtatanggol, maipapaliwanag

mapagtatanggol, maipapaliwanag

Ex: His decision to leave early was defensible given the worsening weather conditions. 

Ang kanyang desisyon na umalis nang maaga ay mabibigyang-katwiran dahil sa lumalalang mga kondisyon ng panahon.

dialectic
dialectic
[Pangngalan]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

diyalektika, pamamaraang diyalektikal

diyalektika, pamamaraang diyalektikal

Ex: Dialectic helps clarify ideas through logical discussion. 

Ang dialektika ay tumutulong sa paglilinaw ng mga ideya sa pamamagitan ng lohikal na talakayan.

dialectical
dialectical
[pang-uri]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

diyalektikal, may kaugnayan sa diyalektika

diyalektikal, may kaugnayan sa diyalektika

Ex: The dialectical approach to reasoning involves engaging with opposing arguments to uncover underlying truths. 

Ang dialektikal na pamamaraan sa pangangatwiran ay nagsasangkot ng pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga salungat na argumento upang matuklasan ang mga pangunahing katotohanan.

to [drive] {sth} home

to make a point unmistakably clear by stressing it, providing proof, or using examples

Ex: The teacher drove home the importance of reviewing for the exam. 
evidence
evidence
[Pangngalan]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

ebidensya, katibayan

ebidensya, katibayan

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events. 

Ang mga dokumentong pangkasaysayan at mga artifact ay nagsisilbing mahalagang ebidensya para maunawaan ang mga nakaraang sibilisasyon at pangyayari.

to flatten
to flatten
[Pandiwa]

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

durugin, talunin nang lubusan

durugin, talunin nang lubusan

Ex: Despite his best efforts, she flattened him in the debate with her well-researched points and persuasive arguments. 

Sa kabila ng kanyang pinakamahusay na pagsisikap, ginapi siya nito sa debate sa kanyang mahusay na napanaliksik na mga punto at nakakahimok na mga argumento.

to flesh out
to flesh out
[Pandiwa]

to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

palawakin, ipaliwanag nang detalyado

palawakin, ipaliwanag nang detalyado

Ex: The professor will exposit the principles of economics during the lecture. 

Ang propesor ay magpapaliwanag ng mga prinsipyo ng ekonomiya sa panahon ng lektura.

for a start
for a start
[Parirala]

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

for starters
for starters
[Parirala]

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

for that matter
for that matter
[pang-abay]

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

palibhasa, saka na rin

palibhasa, saka na rin

Ex: Anna refrained from using social media platforms, or any online forums, for that matter. 

Umiiwas si Anna sa paggamit ng mga platform ng social media, o anumang online forum, palibhasa.

furthermore
furthermore
[pang-abay]

used to introduce additional information

bukod pa rito, dagdag pa

bukod pa rito, dagdag pa

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 

Sinoportahan ng mga natuklasan sa pananaliksik ang hipotesis, at higit pa rito, nagbigay sila ng mahalagang mga pananaw sa mga potensyal na aplikasyon.

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