pattern

Opinia i Argument - Tworzenie Argumentu

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z tworzeniem argumentu, takich jak "twierdzenie", "spornie" i "obronny".

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
ad hominem
ad hominem
[przymiotnik]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem (argumentu) skierowanego przeciwko osobie,  a nie jej punktowi widzenia

ad hominem (argumentu) skierowanego przeciwko osobie, a nie jej punktowi widzenia

a link in the chain

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

Ex: Jane's attention to detail is a crucial link in the chain for quality control, ensuring the products meet the highest standards. 
ammunition
ammunition
[Rzeczownik]

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

amunicja, argumenty

amunicja, argumenty

Ex: The lawyer gathered substantial ammunition to strengthen her case in court. 
anyway
anyway
[przysłówek]

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

w każdym razie,  tak czy inaczej

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej

apologia
apologia
[Rzeczownik]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

apologia, pisemna obrona

apologia, pisemna obrona

aporia
aporia
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporia, teoretyczny impas

aporia, teoretyczny impas

arguable
arguable
[przymiotnik]

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

dyskusyjny, wątpliwy

dyskusyjny, wątpliwy

Ex: The fairness of the election is arguable, with different viewpoints on the matter. 
arguably
arguably
[przysłówek]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

niewątpliwie,  prawdopodobnie

niewątpliwie, prawdopodobnie

Ex: He is arguably the best player in the league, consistently delivering outstanding performances. 
to argue
to argue
[Czasownik]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

argumentować, dyskutować

argumentować, dyskutować

Ex: He argued that increasing funding for education would lead to long-term benefits for society. 
argument
argument
[Rzeczownik]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argument,  rozumowanie

argument, rozumowanie

argumentation
argumentation
[Rzeczownik]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentacja

argumentacja

argumentative
argumentative
[przymiotnik]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

kłótliwy,  argumentacyjny

kłótliwy, argumentacyjny

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 
a stick to beat {sb/sth} with

something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

at the same time

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

Ex: She defended her thesis at the same time as managing a lab. 
to belabor the point

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

to [be] on (firm|solid) ground

to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

by extension

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

to carry
to carry
[Czasownik]

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

przekonywać, zyskiwać poparcie

przekonywać, zyskiwać poparcie

Ex: The charismatic candidate was able to carry the audience with his compelling vision for the future. 
case
case
[Rzeczownik]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

przypadek, argument

przypadek, argument

Ex: The lawyer built a strong case by presenting a series of compelling pieces of evidence. 
casuistry
casuistry
[Rzeczownik]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kazuistyka, sofistyka

kazuistyka, sofistyka

circular
circular
[przymiotnik]

(of reasoning or argument) using a statement to prove itself

kolisty, tautologiczny

kolisty, tautologiczny

Ex: His explanation was criticized as circular reasoning. 
circularity
circularity
[Rzeczownik]

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

cyrkularność, rozumowanie cyrkularne

cyrkularność, rozumowanie cyrkularne

to claim
to claim
[Czasownik]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

twierdzić, utrzymywać

twierdzić, utrzymywać

Ex: The controversial article regularly claims that a UFO sighting occurred last night. 
chink in {one's} armor

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

słaby punkt, luka

słaby punkt, luka

Ex: His lack of experience was the chink in his armor. 
claim
claim
[Rzeczownik]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

twierdzenie, oświadczenie

twierdzenie, oświadczenie

Ex: His claim that he had seen a UFO was met with skepticism. 
to climb down
to climb down
[Czasownik]

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

schodzić, przyznać się do błędu

schodzić, przyznać się do błędu

clincher
clincher
[Rzeczownik]

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

rozstrzygający argument, rozstrzygający dowód

rozstrzygający argument, rozstrzygający dowód

to concede
to concede
[Czasownik]

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

przyznać, niechętnie przyznać

przyznać, niechętnie przyznać

Ex: After a heated debate, he finally conceded that he might have been wrong. 
to confute
to confute
[Czasownik]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

obalać, zaprzeczać

obalać, zaprzeczać

Ex: The scientist confuted the flawed hypothesis with rigorous experimentation. 
consistently
consistently
[przysłówek]

in a way that is always the same

konsekwentnie,  systematycznie

konsekwentnie, systematycznie

Ex: He consistently delivers high-quality work on every project. 
to contend
to contend
[Czasownik]

to argue the truth of something

utrzymywać, bronić

utrzymywać, bronić

Ex: The lawyer contended that her client was innocent based on new evidence presented in court. 
corollary
corollary
[Rzeczownik]

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

konsekwencja, wniosek

konsekwencja, wniosek

Ex: The rise in crime rates was a corollary of the economic downturn. 
count
count
[Rzeczownik]

an individual argument, allegation, or item under discussion in reasoning or debate

zarzut, oskarżenie

zarzut, oskarżenie

Ex: The lawyer addressed each count in the indictment. 
counterargument
counterargument
[Rzeczownik]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontrargument, przeciwny pogląd

kontrargument, przeciwny pogląd

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 
counterexample
counterexample
[Rzeczownik]

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

kontrprzykład, przykład przeciwny

kontrprzykład, przykład przeciwny

credible
credible
[przymiotnik]

able to be believed or relied on

wiarygodny, godny zaufania

wiarygodny, godny zaufania

Ex: After all the evidence was presented, her alibi seemed more credible than before. 
defense
defense
[Rzeczownik]

a legal case or argument presented by the accused to deny guilt and seek acquittal

obrona, mowa obrończa

obrona, mowa obrończa

Ex: The lawyer prepared the defense carefully for trial. 
to defend
to defend
[Czasownik]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bronić, wspierać

bronić, wspierać

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
defensible
defensible
[przymiotnik]

having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

obronny, uzasadniony

obronny, uzasadniony

Ex: His decision to leave early was defensible given the worsening weather conditions. 
dialectic
dialectic
[Rzeczownik]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

dialektyka, metoda dialektyczna

dialektyka, metoda dialektyczna

Ex: The philosopher taught dialectic as a way to uncover inconsistencies in thought. 
dialectical
dialectical
[przymiotnik]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialektyczny, odnoszący się do dialektyki

dialektyczny, odnoszący się do dialektyki

Ex: The dialectical approach to reasoning involves engaging with opposing arguments to uncover underlying truths. 
to [drive] {sth} home

to make a point unmistakably clear by stressing it, providing proof, or using examples

Ex: The teacher drove home the importance of reviewing for the exam. 
evidence
evidence
[Rzeczownik]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

dowód, świadectwo

dowód, świadectwo

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
to flatten
to flatten
[Czasownik]

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

zmiażdżyć, zniszczyć

zmiażdżyć, zniszczyć

Ex: Despite his best efforts, she flattened him in the debate with her well-researched points and persuasive arguments. 
to flesh out
to flesh out
[Czasownik]

to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

rozwijać, szczegółowo opisywać

rozwijać, szczegółowo opisywać

Ex: The professor will exposit the principles of economics during the lecture. 
for a start

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

for starters

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

for that matter
for that matter
[przysłówek]

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

nawiasem mówiąc, zresztą

nawiasem mówiąc, zresztą

Ex: I don't like coffee, and, for that matter, I'm not a fan of tea either. 
furthermore
furthermore
[przysłówek]

used to introduce additional information

ponadto, co więcej

ponadto, co więcej

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
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