Opinia i Argument - Argumentowanie
Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z przedstawianiem argumentów, takich jak „twierdzenie”, „prawdopodobnie” i „można się obronić”.
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(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad personam, osobisty
a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives
a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

argumentacja, materiał dowodowy
used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej
a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

apologia, obrona
a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporia, sprzeczność
(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

kwestionowalny, dyskusyjny
used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

można argumentować, jak można argumentować
to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

argumentować, dowodzić
a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argument, rozumowanie
the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentacja, uzasadnienie
(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

kłótliwy, sporny
something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone
used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account
to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary
to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

przekonać, zdobyć poparcie
a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

sprawa, przypadek
the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kazuistyka, kazuistyk
(of an argument or a theory) involving an idea or statement to prove something that is then used to prove the statement itself

okrężny, cyrkularny
the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

circularność, cykliczność
to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

twierdzić, zawierać roszczenie
a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them
a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

roszczenie, twierdzenie
to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

przyznać się do błędu, zmienić zdanie
a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

argument decydujący, decydent
to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

przyznać się, ustąpić
to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

obalić, zdementować
in a way that is always the same

konsekwentnie, systematycznie
to argue the truth of something

twierdzić, argumentować
a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

skutek, wynik
an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontrargument, argument przeciwny
an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

przykład przeciwny, przykład zaprzeczający
able to be believed or relied on

wiarygodny, przekonywujący
the case that is a combination of collected facts and adopted methods presented by or on the behalf of the accused party so that they would be granted a judgment of acquittal

obrona, defensywa
to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bronić, uzasadniać
having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

obronny, usprawiedliwiony
a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektyka, dialektyczne podejście
referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialektyczny, dyskursywny
to make something clear by emphasizing, or providing examples, proof, etc.
anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

dowód, dowody
to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

zdewastować, pokonać bezlitośnie
to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

rozwinąć, uszczegółowić
used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.
used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument
used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

tym bardziej, w tej kwestii
used to introduce additional information

ponadto, furthermore
