pattern

Opinia i Argument - Argumentowanie

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z przedstawianiem argumentów, takich jak „twierdzenie”, „prawdopodobnie” i „można się obronić”.

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
ad hominem
[przymiotnik]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad personam, osobisty

ad personam, osobisty

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

Ex: The absence of customer feedback is the missing link in the chain of improving our product, as it provides valuable insights for enhancements.
ammunition
[Rzeczownik]

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

argumentacja, materiał dowodowy

argumentacja, materiał dowodowy

Ex: The professor 's lecture provided students ammunition for their upcoming debate .
anyway
[przysłówek]

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej

w każdym razie, tak czy inaczej

apologia
[Rzeczownik]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

apologia, obrona

apologia, obrona

aporia
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporia, sprzeczność

aporia, sprzeczność

arguable
[przymiotnik]

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

kwestionowalny, dyskusyjny

kwestionowalny, dyskusyjny

Ex: The team 's chances of winning the tournament arguable, depending on their upcoming matches .
arguably
[przysłówek]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

można argumentować, jak można argumentować

można argumentować, jak można argumentować

Ex: Arguably, the recent changes to the city 's infrastructure have contributed to a better quality of life for residents .
to argue
[Czasownik]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

argumentować, dowodzić

argumentować, dowodzić

Ex: argued against the proposal , citing potential negative consequences for the economy .
argument
[Rzeczownik]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

argument, rozumowanie

argument, rozumowanie

argumentation
[Rzeczownik]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentacja, uzasadnienie

argumentacja, uzasadnienie

argumentative
[przymiotnik]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

kłótliwy, sporny

kłótliwy, sporny

Ex: Despite argumentative tendencies , he was respected for his critical thinking skills .

something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

Ex: The novel was praised for its prose.

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

to carry
[Czasownik]

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

przekonać, zdobyć poparcie

przekonać, zdobyć poparcie

Ex: The professor 's engaging lecture carried the students , making complex concepts accessible .
case
[Rzeczownik]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

sprawa, przypadek

sprawa, przypadek

Ex: case for the new policy was supported by extensive research and data analysis .
casuistry
[Rzeczownik]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kazuistyka, kazuistyk

kazuistyka, kazuistyk

circular
[przymiotnik]

(of an argument or a theory) involving an idea or statement to prove something that is then used to prove the statement itself

okrężny, cyrkularny

okrężny, cyrkularny

circularity
[Rzeczownik]

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

circularność, cykliczność

circularność, cykliczność

to claim
[Czasownik]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

twierdzić, zawierać roszczenie

twierdzić, zawierać roszczenie

Ex: Right now , the marketing campaign is claiming the product to be the best in the market .

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

Ex: The company 's security system had chink in its armor - a vulnerability that hackers were able to exploit .
claim
[Rzeczownik]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

roszczenie, twierdzenie

roszczenie, twierdzenie

Ex: claim that the event was canceled was unverified and caused confusion among attendees .
to climb down
[Czasownik]

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

przyznać się do błędu, zmienić zdanie

przyznać się do błędu, zmienić zdanie

clincher
[Rzeczownik]

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

argument decydujący, decydent

argument decydujący, decydent

to concede
[Czasownik]

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

przyznać się, ustąpić

przyznać się, ustąpić

Ex: It took time , but he conceded the importance of the new policy .
to confute
[Czasownik]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

obalić, zdementować

obalić, zdementować

Ex: I confute any doubts about my research findings .
consistently
[przysłówek]

in a way that is always the same

konsekwentnie, systematycznie

konsekwentnie, systematycznie

Ex: The weather in this region consistently sunny during the summer .
to contend
[Czasownik]

to argue the truth of something

twierdzić, argumentować

twierdzić, argumentować

Ex: The contended that economic reforms would lead to greater prosperity for all citizens .
corollary
[Rzeczownik]

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

skutek, wynik

skutek, wynik

Ex: The high demand for the product had corollary of rising prices .
count
[Rzeczownik]

a point argued or discussed

kwestia, punkt

kwestia, punkt

counterargument
[Rzeczownik]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

kontrargument, argument przeciwny

kontrargument, argument przeciwny

Ex: The professor encouraged students to counterarguments to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the topic .
counterexample
[Rzeczownik]

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

przykład przeciwny, przykład zaprzeczający

przykład przeciwny, przykład zaprzeczający

credible
[przymiotnik]

able to be believed or relied on

wiarygodny, przekonywujący

wiarygodny, przekonywujący

Ex: The expert 's testimony was credible due to his extensive experience and qualifications in the field .
defense
[Rzeczownik]

the case that is a combination of collected facts and adopted methods presented by or on the behalf of the accused party so that they would be granted a judgment of acquittal

obrona, defensywa

obrona, defensywa

to defend
[Czasownik]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

bronić, uzasadniać

bronić, uzasadniać

Ex: The writer ’s latest book aims defend her controversial views on social issues .
defensible
[przymiotnik]

having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

obronny, usprawiedliwiony

obronny, usprawiedliwiony

Ex: His actions defensible in light of the evidence presented .
dialectic
[Rzeczownik]

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

dialektyka, dialektyczne podejście

dialektyka, dialektyczne podejście

Ex: dialectic process involves thesis , antithesis , and synthesis , where conflicting ideas are confronted and reconciled to arrive at a higher truth .
dialectical
[przymiotnik]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialektyczny, dyskursywny

dialektyczny, dyskursywny

Ex: Dialectical thinking encourages individuals to consider multiple perspectives and challenge their own assumptions .

to make something clear by emphasizing, or providing examples, proof, etc.

evidence
[Rzeczownik]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

dowód, dowody

dowód, dowody

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .
to flatten
[Czasownik]

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

zdewastować, pokonać bezlitośnie

zdewastować, pokonać bezlitośnie

Ex: In the sales pitch , flattened the competition with his compelling presentation and persuasive sales tactics .
to flesh out
[Czasownik]

to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

rozwinąć, uszczegółowić

rozwinąć, uszczegółowić

Ex: The researcher exposit the methodology used in the study to ensure clarity.

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

for that matter
[przysłówek]

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

tym bardziej, w tej kwestii

tym bardziej, w tej kwestii

Ex: They did n't follow celebrity news or political updates , or any kind of current eventsfor that matter.
furthermore
[przysłówek]

used to introduce additional information

ponadto, furthermore

ponadto, furthermore

Ex: Jack 's leadership inspires success and adaptabilityfurthermore, his vision drives the project forward .
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