Opinion and Argument - Making an Argument

Here you will learn some English words related to making an argument such as "claim", "arguably", and "defensible".

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Opinion and Argument
ad hominem [adjective]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

Ex:

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

Ex: They used historical examples as ammunition to support their argument in the meeting .
anyway [adverb]

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

apologia [noun]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

aporia [noun]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

arguable [adjective]

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

Ex: The theory about climate change is arguable , as some researchers present conflicting evidence .
arguably [adverb]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

Ex: Arguably , the new policy has led to improved efficiency in the workplace , but not everyone agrees .
to argue [verb]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

Ex: The environmentalist argued for the preservation of the rainforest to protect biodiversity .
argument [noun]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentative [adjective]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

Ex: Her argumentative demeanor made it difficult for others to work with her collaboratively .

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

Ex:

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

to carry [verb]

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

Ex: The community leader 's passionate speech was able to carry the residents .
case [noun]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

Ex: The scientist presented a detailed case for her hypothesis , including experimental results and peer reviews .

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

circular [adjective]

(of reasoning or argument) using a statement to prove itself

Ex: She realized the logic was circular , going nowhere .

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

to claim [verb]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

Ex: Yesterday , the politician confidently claimed that the opposition 's policies were harmful .

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

Ex: John 's tendency to gossip is a chink in his armor - his otherwise professional reputation is marred by his inability to keep a secret .
claim [noun]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

Ex: She made a claim that the painting was an original Van Gogh , but she could n't prove it .

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

clincher [noun]

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

Ex: The company had to concede the flaws in their product after customer complaints .

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

Ex: The lawyer confuted the witness 's testimony with contradictory facts .

in a way that is always the same

Ex: The company has consistently met its quarterly targets .

to argue the truth of something

Ex: The historian contended that the ancient civilization was more advanced than previously believed .

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

Ex: The corollary of improving healthcare access is a longer average lifespan .
count [noun]

an individual argument, allegation, or item under discussion in reasoning or debate

Ex: Each count in the contract was carefully reviewed .

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

Ex: In the essay , he addressed potential counterarguments to his thesis to strengthen his argument .

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

credible [adjective]

able to be believed or relied on

Ex: The witness provided a credible account of the incident , which helped the jury reach a verdict .
defense [noun]

a legal case or argument presented by the accused to deny guilt and seek acquittal

Ex: Witnesses were called to support the defense .

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

Ex: He had to defend his business decisions during the board meeting .
defensible [adjective]

having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

Ex: Her cautious approach was defensible , considering the high stakes of the project .

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

Ex:
dialectical [adjective]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

Ex: In dialectical discussions , participants strive to reconcile contradictions and reach a higher level of understanding .

to make a point unmistakably clear by stressing it, providing proof, or using examples

Ex:
evidence [noun]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

Ex: Before drawing conclusions , it 's important to carefully evaluate all available evidence and consider alternative explanations .

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

Ex: In the academic competition , she flattened her opponents with her depth of knowledge and quick thinking .

to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

Ex:
for a start [phrase]

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

Ex: They did n't follow celebrity news or political updates , or any kind of current events , for that matter .
furthermore [adverb]

used to introduce additional information

Ex: The software offers a user-friendly interface , and furthermore , it incorporates advanced security features for data protection .