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Мнение и Аргумент - Аргументация (часть 1)

Здесь вы узнаете некоторые английские слова, связанные с построением аргумента, такие как "утверждение", "спорно", и "защищаемый".

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Words Related to Opinion and Argument
ad hominem
ad hominem
[прилагательное]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

личные нападки

личные нападки

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a link in the chain

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

Один из точек развития

Один из точек развития

Ex: Jane's attention to detail is a crucial link in the chain for quality control, ensuring the products meet the highest standards. 
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ammunition
ammunition
[существительное]

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

боеприпасы

боеприпасы

Ex: The lawyer gathered substantial ammunition to strengthen her case in court. 
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anyway
anyway
[наречие]

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

в любом случае

в любом случае

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apologia
apologia
[существительное]

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

апология

апология

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aporia
aporia
[существительное]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

апория

апория

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arguable
arguable
[прилагательное]

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

спорный

спорный

Ex: The fairness of the election is arguable, with different viewpoints on the matter. 
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arguably
arguably
[наречие]

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

возможно

возможно

Ex: He is arguably the best player in the league, consistently delivering outstanding performances. 
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to argue
to argue
[глагол]

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

спорить, утверждать

спорить, утверждать

Ex: He argued that increasing funding for education would lead to long-term benefits for society. 
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argument
argument
[существительное]

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

аргумент

аргумент

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argumentation
argumentation
[существительное]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

аргументация

аргументация

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argumentative
argumentative
[прилагательное]

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

аргументированный

аргументированный

Ex: His argumentative nature often leads to heated discussions with his peers. 
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a stick to beat {sb/sth} with

something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

что-то,  что используется для нападения или наказания кого-то

что-то, что используется для нападения или наказания кого-то

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at the same time
at the same time
[фраза]

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

в то же время

в то же время

Ex: She defended her thesis at the same time as managing a lab. 
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to belabor the point

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

продолжать повторять идею

продолжать повторять идею

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to [be] on (firm|solid) ground

to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

Быть уверенным в чем-то

Быть уверенным в чем-то

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by extension
by extension
[фраза]

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

в расширительном смысле

в расширительном смысле

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to carry
to carry
[глагол]

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

убеждать, завоевывать поддержку

убеждать, завоевывать поддержку

Ex: The charismatic candidate was able to carry the audience with his compelling vision for the future. 
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case
case
[существительное]

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

доводы, аргументы

доводы, аргументы

Ex: The lawyer built a strong case by presenting a series of compelling pieces of evidence. 
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casuistry
casuistry
[существительное]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

казуистика, софистика

казуистика, софистика

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circular
circular
[прилагательное]

(of reasoning or argument) using a statement to prove itself

нескончаемый

нескончаемый

Ex: His explanation was criticized as circular reasoning. 
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circularity
circularity
[существительное]

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

нескончаемость

нескончаемость

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to claim
to claim
[глагол]

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

утверждать, претендовать

утверждать, претендовать

Ex: The controversial article regularly claims that a UFO sighting occurred last night. 
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chink in {one's} armor

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

слабое место, уязвимость

слабое место, уязвимость

Ex: His lack of experience was the chink in his armor. 
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claim
claim
[существительное]

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

утверждение, заявление

утверждение, заявление

Ex: His claim that he had seen a UFO was met with skepticism. 
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to climb down
to climb down
[глагол]

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

признать свои ошибки

признать свои ошибки

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clincher
clincher
[существительное]

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

решающий аргумент

решающий аргумент

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to concede
to concede
[глагол]

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

уступить

уступить

Ex: After a heated debate, he finally conceded that he might have been wrong. 
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to confute
to confute
[глагол]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

опровергнуть

опровергнуть

Ex: The scientist confuted the flawed hypothesis with rigorous experimentation. 
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consistently
consistently
[наречие]

in a way that is always the same

последовательно

последовательно

Ex: He consistently delivers high-quality work on every project. 
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to contend
to contend
[глагол]

to argue the truth of something

доказывать

доказывать

Ex: The lawyer contended that her client was innocent based on new evidence presented in court. 
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corollary
corollary
[существительное]

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

последствие

последствие

Ex: The rise in crime rates was a corollary of the economic downturn. 
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count
count
[существительное]

an individual argument, allegation, or item under discussion in reasoning or debate

пункт обвинения, обвинение

пункт обвинения, обвинение

Ex: The lawyer addressed each count in the indictment. 
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counterargument
counterargument
[существительное]

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

контраргумент

контраргумент

Ex: She anticipated the counterarguments to her proposal and prepared strong rebuttals. 
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counterexample
counterexample
[существительное]

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

контрпример

контрпример

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credible
credible
[прилагательное]

able to be believed or relied on

достоверный

достоверный

Ex: After all the evidence was presented, her alibi seemed more credible than before. 
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defense
defense
[существительное]

a legal case or argument presented by the accused to deny guilt and seek acquittal

защита

защита

Ex: The lawyer prepared the defense carefully for trial. 
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to defend
to defend
[глагол]

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

отстаивать, защищать

отстаивать, защищать

Ex: She worked hard to defend her research against critics in the academic community. 
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defensible
defensible
[прилагательное]

having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

защитимый

защитимый

Ex: His decision to leave early was defensible given the worsening weather conditions. 
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dialectic
dialectic
[существительное]

a structured method of reasoning in which truth is reached through the systematic exchange of logical arguments

диалектика

диалектика

Ex: The philosopher taught dialectic as a way to uncover inconsistencies in thought. 
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dialectical
dialectical
[прилагательное]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

диалектический

диалектический

Ex: The dialectical approach to reasoning involves engaging with opposing arguments to uncover underlying truths. 
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to [drive] {sth} home

to make a point unmistakably clear by stressing it, providing proof, or using examples

Подчеркнуть важный момент о чем

Подчеркнуть важный момент о чем

Ex: The teacher drove home the importance of reviewing for the exam. 
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evidence
evidence
[существительное]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

свидетельство

свидетельство

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
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to flatten
to flatten
[глагол]

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

разгромить

разгромить

Ex: Despite his best efforts, she flattened him in the debate with her well-researched points and persuasive arguments. 
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to flesh out
to flesh out
[глагол]

to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

Развить что-то более полно

Развить что-то более полно

Ex: The professor will exposit the principles of economics during the lecture. 
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for a start
for a start
[фраза]

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

во-первых

во-первых

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for starters
for starters
[фраза]

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

для начала

для начала

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for that matter
for that matter
[наречие]

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

в этом отношении

в этом отношении

Ex: I don't like coffee, and, for that matter, I'm not a fan of tea either. 
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furthermore
furthermore
[наречие]

used to introduce additional information

кроме того

кроме того

Ex: The research findings supported the hypothesis, and furthermore, they provided valuable insights into potential applications. 
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