الرأي والحجة - صنع حجة

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

أد هومينيم

a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

ذخيرة, حجج

used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point

على أي حال, على كل حال

a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions

اعتذار

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

الأبوريا, تناقض

(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

قابل للنقاش, جدلي

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

من المحتمل, يعتبر

to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right

يجادل, يحتج

a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

حجة, سبب

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

حجة, منطق الإقناع

(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

جدلي, مجادل

something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy

يقنع, يجذب

a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

قضية, حالة

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

الفكر الاستثنائي

(of an argument or a theory) involving an idea or statement to prove something that is then used to prove the statement itself

دائري, مدور

the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

دائرية, دورانية

to say that something is the case without providing proof for it

يدعي, يصرّ

‌a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them

a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

ادعاء, بيان

to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes

الرجوع عن رأي, الاعتراف بالأخطاء

a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

عامل حاسم, حجة حاسمة

to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first

يقبل, يُعَترفُ

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

دحض, نقض

in a way that is always the same

بشكل ثابت, بصفة دائمة

to argue the truth of something

يجادل, يؤكد

a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

نتيجة, مشتق

a point argued or discussed

نقطة نقاش, حجة

an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

الحجة المضادة, الاعتراض

an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

مثال مضاد

able to be believed or relied on

موثوق, قابل للتصديق

the case that is a combination of collected facts and adopted methods presented by or on the behalf of the accused party so that they would be granted a judgment of acquittal

الدفاع, دفاع قانوني

to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.

يدافع, يؤيد

capable of being easily supported by arguments or adequately justified by reasoning

قابل للدفاع, مبرر

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

جدلية

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

جدلي

to make something clear by emphasizing, or providing examples, proof, etc.

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

دليل, إثبات

to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.

سحق, هزم

to make something more clear by providing more details and information

تطوير, توضيح

used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

بهذا المعنى, أيضًا في هذا الصدد

used to introduce additional information

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