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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Ang Ekonomiya

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa ekonomiya, tulad ng "credit", "due", "yield", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance
[Pandiwa]

to provide funds or an amount of money

pondohan, pagkalooban ng pondo

pondohan, pagkalooban ng pondo

Ex: Over the years , the government has successfully financed numerous infrastructure projects .Sa paglipas ng mga taon, matagumpay na **pinondohan** ng pamahalaan ang maraming proyekto ng imprastraktura.
capital
[Pangngalan]

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

kapital, pondo

kapital, pondo

Ex: He decided to invest his capital in real estate , hoping for high returns .Nagpasya siyang mamuhunan ng kanyang **kapital** sa real estate, na umaasa sa mataas na kita.
credit
[Pangngalan]

the ability to buy something from a shop or receive money from a bank based on trust, without paying for it immediately

kredito

kredito

debit
[Pangngalan]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debit, pagkakarga

debit, pagkakarga

Ex: The software automatically applies debits and credits .Ang software ay awtomatikong naglalapat ng mga **debit** at credit.
expense
[Pangngalan]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

gastos,  halaga

gastos, halaga

Ex: Many people use budgeting apps to categorize their expenses and identify areas where they can cut back to save money .Maraming tao ang gumagamit ng mga budgeting app upang i-categorize ang kanilang mga **gastos** at tukuyin ang mga lugar kung saan sila maaaring magbawas upang makatipid ng pera.
due
[pang-uri]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

bayad, dapat bayaran

bayad, dapat bayaran

Ex: The next installment for the project funding is due in two weeks .Ang susunod na hulog para sa pondo ng proyekto ay **dapat bayaran** sa loob ng dalawang linggo.
yield
[Pangngalan]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

tubo, kita

tubo, kita

Ex: The stock portfolio showed a steady yield, generating consistent profits for the shareholders .Ang stock portfolio ay nagpakita ng matatag na **yield**, na lumilikha ng tuluy-tuloy na kita para sa mga shareholders.
bank statement
[Pangngalan]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

bank statement, talaan ng bangko

bank statement, talaan ng bangko

Ex: Online banking allows customers to access and download their bank statements electronically for convenience and record-keeping purposes .Ang **bank statement** ay nagbibigay-daan sa mga customer na ma-access at i-download ang kanilang mga bank statement nang elektroniko para sa kaginhawahan at layunin ng pagtatala.
benefit
[Pangngalan]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

benepisyo,  konsiyertong pang-awang-gawa

benepisyo, konsiyertong pang-awang-gawa

to climb
[Pandiwa]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

tumaas, umakyat

tumaas, umakyat

Ex: With the growing demand for online services , internet usage began to climb significantly .Sa lumalaking pangangailangan para sa mga serbisyo online, ang paggamit ng internet ay nagsimulang **tumataas** nang malaki.
to crash
[Pandiwa]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

bumagsak, lumubog

bumagsak, lumubog

Ex: When the company ’s stock crashed, many investors faced significant losses .Nang **bumagsak** ang stock ng kumpanya, maraming investor ang nakaranas ng malaking pagkalugi.
collapse
[Pangngalan]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

pagbagsak, pagguho

pagbagsak, pagguho

Ex: The collapse of the housing market left many people unable to sell their homes .Ang **pagbagsak** ng housing market ay nag-iwan ng maraming tao na hindi makapagbenta ng kanilang mga bahay.
debt relief
[Pangngalan]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

paglalambot ng utang, pagpapawalang-bisa ng utang

paglalambot ng utang, pagpapawalang-bisa ng utang

income
[Pangngalan]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

kita

kita

Ex: The couple reviewed their monthly income and expenses to create a more effective budget .Sinuri ng mag-asawa ang kanilang buwanang **kita** at gastos upang makalikha ng mas epektibong badyet.
revenue
[Pangngalan]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

kita, kita

kita, kita

Ex: The restaurant 's revenue increased during the holiday season .Tumaas ang **kita** ng restawran sa panahon ng pista.
fortune
[Pangngalan]

a very large sum of money

kayamanan, yaman

kayamanan, yaman

Ex: Despite his vast fortune, he lived a surprisingly modest lifestyle .Sa kabila ng kanyang malaking **kayamanan**, namuhay siya ng nakakagulat na simple.
fee
[Pangngalan]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

bayad, singil

bayad, singil

Ex: There 's an additional fee if you require expedited shipping for your order .May karagdagang **bayad** kung kailangan mo ng expedited shipping para sa iyong order.
to deposit
[Pandiwa]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

ideposito, magdeposito

ideposito, magdeposito

Ex: The student deposited the scholarship award in her college tuition account to cover expenses .Ang estudyante ay **nagdeposito** ng scholarship award sa kanyang college tuition account para matugunan ang mga gastos.
to withdraw
[Pandiwa]

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

bawiin, alisin

bawiin, alisin

Ex: They planned to withdraw a portion of their savings to start their own business .Binalakad nilang **i-withdraw** ang isang bahagi ng kanilang ipon upang simulan ang kanilang sariling negosyo.
to freeze
[Pandiwa]

to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold

mag-freeze, ipagbawal

mag-freeze, ipagbawal

Ex: During divorce proceedings , a court may issue an order to freeze joint assets until a settlement can be reached .Sa panahon ng mga proseso ng diborsyo, maaaring maglabas ang korte ng isang order upang **i-freeze** ang mga pinagsamang ari-arian hanggang sa makamit ang isang kasunduan.
to overdraw
[Pandiwa]

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

overdraw, lumampas sa balanse

overdraw, lumampas sa balanse

Ex: He was worried that he might overdraw his account after making a large purchase .Nag-aalala siya na baka **ma-overdraw** ang kanyang account pagkatapos gumawa ng malaking pagbili.
donation
[Pangngalan]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

donasyon, ambag

donasyon, ambag

Ex: They appreciated the generous donation from the community .Pinahahalagahan nila ang mapagbigay na **donasyon** mula sa komunidad.
budget
[Pangngalan]

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

badyet, plano sa pananalapi

badyet, plano sa pananalapi

Ex: The project ran over budget, leading to cuts in other areas .Ang proyekto ay lumampas sa **badyet**, na nagdulot ng pagbawas sa ibang mga lugar.
asset
[Pangngalan]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

asset, mahalagang mapagkukunan

Ex: Goodwill , reflecting a company 's reputation and customer loyalty , is considered an asset on its balance sheet .
broke
[pang-uri]

having little or no financial resources

walang-wala, ubos na ang pera

walang-wala, ubos na ang pera

Ex: He felt embarrassed admitting to his friends that he was broke and could n't join them for dinner .Nahiya siyang aminin sa kanyang mga kaibigan na siya ay **walang pera** at hindi makakasama sa kanila sa hapunan.
bankruptcy
[Pangngalan]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

pagkabangkarote, pagsasara

pagkabangkarote, pagsasara

Ex: The risk of bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened .Ang panganib ng **pagkabangkarote** ay tumaas habang lumalala ang mga kondisyon ng merkado.
fair trade
[Pangngalan]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

patas na kalakalan

patas na kalakalan

to transfer
[Pandiwa]

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

ilipat, maglipat

ilipat, maglipat

Ex: The software developer had to transfer code snippets from one section of the program to another .Ang software developer ay kailangang **ilipat** ang mga code snippet mula sa isang seksyon ng programa patungo sa iba pa.
trading
[Pangngalan]

the practice of buying and selling goods

pangangalakal,  pagtitinda

pangangalakal, pagtitinda

economy
[Pangngalan]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

ekonomiya

ekonomiya

Ex: The global pandemic caused significant disruptions to the economy, affecting businesses and employment worldwide .Ang global na pandemya ay nagdulot ng malaking pagkagambala sa **ekonomiya**, na nakakaapekto sa mga negosyo at trabaho sa buong mundo.

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

stock market
[Pangngalan]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

pamilihan ng stock, stock market

pamilihan ng stock, stock market

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on the stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations .Ang global na pandemya ay may malalim na epekto sa **stock market**, na nagdulot ng pabagu-bagong pagbabago.
share
[Pangngalan]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

saham, bahagi

saham, bahagi

Ex: Selling your shares now would mean missing out on future growth .
recession
[Pangngalan]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recession

recession

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .Inihula ng mga ekonomista na ang **recession** ay tatagal ng ilang quarter bago lumitaw ang mga palatandaan ng paggaling.
invoice
[Pangngalan]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

invoice, katibayan ng bayad

invoice, katibayan ng bayad

Ex: He reviewed the invoice for discrepancies before approving it for payment .
fundraising
[Pangngalan]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

pangangalap ng pondo, pag-raise ng pondo

pangangalap ng pondo, pag-raise ng pondo

Ex: The university alumni association hosts fundraising events to provide scholarships for students in need.Ang asosasyon ng mga alumni ng unibersidad ay nagho-host ng mga kaganapan sa **pangangalap ng pondo** upang magbigay ng mga scholarship para sa mga mag-aaral na nangangailangan.
free trade
[Pangngalan]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

malayang kalakalan, kalakalang malaya

malayang kalakalan, kalakalang malaya

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .Ang mga negosasyon para sa isang bagong kasunduan sa **libreng kalakalan** sa pagitan ng dalawang bansa ay naantala dahil sa mga hindi pagkakasundo sa mga taripa sa agrikultura.
free market
[Pangngalan]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

malayang pamilihan, ekonomiyang pamilihan

malayang pamilihan, ekonomiyang pamilihan

Ex: The deregulation of industries is often a key component of transitioning to a free market economy .Ang deregulasyon ng mga industriya ay madalas na isang pangunahing sangkap ng paglipat sa isang **libreng merkado** na ekonomiya.
decline
[Pangngalan]

a continuous reduction in something's amount, value, intensity, etc.

pagbaba, pag-urong

pagbaba, pag-urong

Ex: Measures were introduced to address the decline in biodiversity .Mga hakbang ay ipinakilala upang tugunan ang **pagbaba** ng biodiversity.
commodity
[Pangngalan]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

kalakal, hilaw na materyal

Ex: Investors often include commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .Kadalasang isinasama ng mga investor ang **commodities** sa kanilang portfolio bilang proteksyon laban sa inflation at market volatility.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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