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Podstawowe Słownictwo do TOEFL - Gospodarka

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów o gospodarce, takich jak "kredyt", "terminowy", "zysk" itp., które są potrzebne do egzaminu TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance
to finance
[Czasownik]

to provide funds or an amount of money

finansować, kredytować

finansować, kredytować

Ex: Banks play a crucial role in financing businesses through loans and credit. 
capital
capital
[Rzeczownik]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

kapitał, fundusz

kapitał, fundusz

Ex: The company invested capital in new machinery. 
credit
credit
[Rzeczownik]

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

kredyt, finansowanie

kredyt, finansowanie

Ex: She bought the laptop on credit and will pay in installments. 
debit
debit
[Rzeczownik]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debet, zapis debetowy

debet, zapis debetowy

Ex: He checked his account balance after a large debit. 

Sprawdził saldo swojego konta po dużym obciążeniu.

expense
expense
[Rzeczownik]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

wydatek,  koszt

wydatek, koszt

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
due
due
[przymiotnik]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

wymagalny, terminowy

wymagalny, terminowy

Ex: She realized her credit card payment was due and quickly made the transfer. 

Zdała sobie sprawę, że płatność jej karty kredytowej była wymagalna i szybko dokonała przelewu.

yield
yield
[Rzeczownik]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

zysk, dochód

zysk, dochód

Ex: The bond offered a competitive yield, attracting many investors looking for stable returns. 
bank statement
bank statement
[Rzeczownik]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

wyciąg bankowy, wyciąg z konta

wyciąg bankowy, wyciąg z konta

Ex: Businesses use bank statements to monitor cash flow and reconcile accounts payable and receivable. 

Firmy używają wyciągów bankowych do monitorowania przepływów pieniężnych i uzgadniania zobowiązań i należności.

benefit
benefit
[Rzeczownik]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

korzyść,  koncert charytatywny

korzyść, koncert charytatywny

Ex: The charity organized a benefit featuring local artists. 
to climb
to climb
[Czasownik]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

wzrastać, wspinać się

wzrastać, wspinać się

Ex: With the growing demand for online services, internet usage began to climb significantly. 
to crash
to crash
[Czasownik]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

załamać się, runąć

załamać się, runąć

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 
collapse
collapse
[Rzeczownik]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

upadek, załamanie

upadek, załamanie

Ex: The financial collapse led to widespread panic among investors. 
debt relief
debt relief
[Rzeczownik]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

ulga zadłużenia, umorzenie długu

ulga zadłużenia, umorzenie długu

income
income
[Rzeczownik]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

dochód

dochód

Ex: His primary source of income is his salary from the tech company where he works. 
revenue
revenue
[Rzeczownik]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

przychód, dochód

przychód, dochód

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
fortune
fortune
[Rzeczownik]

a very large sum of money

fortuna, majątek

fortuna, majątek

Ex: He inherited a fortune from his grandparents and became one of the wealthiest individuals in the country. 
fee
fee
[Rzeczownik]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

honorarium, opłata

honorarium, opłata

Ex: The lawyer's fee for handling the case was quite high. 
to deposit
to deposit
[Czasownik]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

wpłacać, deponować

wpłacać, deponować

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
to withdraw
to withdraw
[Czasownik]

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

wypłacać, wycofywać

wypłacać, wycofywać

Ex: She visited the ATM to withdraw some cash for groceries. 
to freeze
to freeze
[Czasownik]

to officially prevent money, property, or financial assets from being used, transferred, or sold

zamrozić,  zablokować

zamrozić, zablokować

Ex: The authorities can freeze property connected with certain crimes. 
to overdraw
to overdraw
[Czasownik]

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

przekroczyć saldo, wejść na minus

przekroczyć saldo, wejść na minus

Ex: Many banks allow customers to overdraw their accounts up to a certain limit. 

Wiele banków pozwala klientom przekraczać saldo swoich kont do pewnego limitu.

donation
donation
[Rzeczownik]

money, goods, or other things voluntarily given to help a person, organization, or cause

darowizna,  datek

darowizna, datek

Ex: The museum accepted a valuable painting as a donation. 
budget
budget
[Rzeczownik]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

budżet, przeznaczenie budżetowe

budżet, przeznaczenie budżetowe

Ex: The team stayed within the budget despite delays. 
asset
asset
[Rzeczownik]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

aktyw, cenny zasób

aktyw, cenny zasób

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
broke
broke
[przymiotnik]

having little or no financial resources

spłukany, prawie bez pieniędzy

spłukany, prawie bez pieniędzy

Ex: He's broke but still managed to help a friend. 

Jest spłukany, ale mimo to udało mu się pomóc przyjacielowi.

bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Rzeczownik]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bankructwo, upadłość

bankructwo, upadłość

Ex: He avoided bankruptcy by negotiating with his creditors. 
fair trade
fair trade
[Rzeczownik]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

sprawiedliwy handel

sprawiedliwy handel

to transfer
to transfer
[Czasownik]

to move someone or something from one place, position, or system to another

przenieść

przenieść

Ex: She transferred the photos from her phone to her computer. 
trading
trading
[Rzeczownik]

the buying and selling of securities or commodities

handel,  obrót

handel, obrót

Ex: Trading on the stock exchange was halted due to a technical glitch. 
economy
economy
[Rzeczownik]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

gospodarka

gospodarka

Ex: The country's economy grew rapidly due to investments in technology and infrastructure. 
supply and demand

the relationship between the availability of a commodity and the desire for it, which determines market prices

Ex: The pandemic disrupted global supply and demand for semiconductors. 
stock market
stock market
[Rzeczownik]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

rynek akcji, giełda

rynek akcji, giełda

Ex: It's important to do thorough research before buying shares in the stock market. 

Ważne jest, aby przeprowadzić dokładne badania przed zakupem akcji na giełdzie.

share
share
[Rzeczownik]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

akcja, udział

akcja, udział

Ex: She bought 100 shares of the tech startup during its IPO. 
recession
recession
[Rzeczownik]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recesja

recesja

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
invoice
invoice
[Rzeczownik]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

faktura, rachunek

faktura, rachunek

Ex: The accounting department reconciled the invoices with the company's purchase orders. 

Dział księgowości uzgodnił faktury z zamówieniami zakupu firmy.

fundraising
fundraising
[Rzeczownik]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

zbieranie funduszy, fundraising

zbieranie funduszy, fundraising

Ex: The marathon was held as a fundraising event to support local animal shelters. 

Maraton został zorganizowany jako wydarzenie zbiórki funduszy na rzecz lokalnych schronisk dla zwierząt.

free trade
free trade
[Rzeczownik]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

wolny handel, handel wolny

wolny handel, handel wolny

Ex: Proponents of free trade emphasize its role in fostering competition and innovation in global markets. 
free market
free market
[Rzeczownik]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

wolny rynek, gospodarka rynkowa

wolny rynek, gospodarka rynkowa

Ex: Supporters of a free market argue that it fosters innovation and consumer choice. 

Zwolennicy wolnego rynku twierdzą, że sprzyja on innowacjom i wyborowi konsumentów.

decline
decline
[Rzeczownik]

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

spadek, zmniejszenie

spadek, zmniejszenie

Ex: The company reported a decline in sales this quarter. 
commodity
commodity
[Rzeczownik]

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

towar

towar

Ex: Farmers suffered when the price of their main commodity fell. 
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