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托福必备词汇 - 经济

在这里,你将学习一些关于经济的英语单词,如“信用”、“到期”、“收益”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance
[动词]

to provide funds or an amount of money

融资, 提供资金

融资, 提供资金

Ex: Over the years , the government has successfully financed numerous infrastructure projects .多年来,政府已成功**资助**了许多基础设施项目。
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capital
[名词]

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

资本, 资金

资本, 资金

Ex: He decided to invest his capital in real estate , hoping for high returns .他决定将他的**资本**投资于房地产,希望获得高回报。
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credit
[名词]

the ability to buy something from a shop or receive money from a bank based on trust, without paying for it immediately

信用

信用

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debit
[名词]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

借方, 借方条目

借方, 借方条目

Ex: The software automatically applies debits and credits .该软件自动应用**借方**和贷方。
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expense
[名词]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

花费,  费用

花费, 费用

Ex: Many people use budgeting apps to categorize their expenses and identify areas where they can cut back to save money .许多人使用预算应用程序来分类他们的**支出**,并确定可以削减以节省资金的领域。
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due
[形容词]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

到期, 应付

到期, 应付

Ex: The next installment for the project funding is due in two weeks .项目资金的下一期款项将在两周内**到期**。
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yield
[名词]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

收益, 利润

收益, 利润

Ex: The stock portfolio showed a steady yield, generating consistent profits for the shareholders .股票投资组合显示出稳定的**收益**,为股东带来了持续的利润。
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a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

银行对账单, 账户明细

银行对账单, 账户明细

Ex: Online banking allows customers to access and download their bank statements electronically for convenience and record-keeping purposes .**银行对账单**允许客户为了方便和记录保存的目的,以电子方式访问和下载他们的银行对账单。
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benefit
[名词]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

利益,  慈善音乐会

利益, 慈善音乐会

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to climb
[动词]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

增加, 上升

增加, 上升

Ex: With the growing demand for online services , internet usage began to climb significantly .随着对在线服务的需求不断增长,互联网的使用开始显著**上升**。
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to crash
[动词]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

暴跌, 崩盘

暴跌, 崩盘

Ex: When the company ’s stock crashed, many investors faced significant losses .当公司的股票**暴跌**时,许多投资者面临重大损失。
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collapse
[名词]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

崩溃, 暴跌

崩溃, 暴跌

Ex: The collapse of the housing market left many people unable to sell their homes .住房市场的**崩溃**使许多人无法出售他们的房屋。
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debt relief
[名词]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

债务减免, 债务免除

债务减免, 债务免除

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income
[名词]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

收入

收入

Ex: The couple reviewed their monthly income and expenses to create a more effective budget .这对夫妇审查了他们的月**收入**和支出,以制定更有效的预算。
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revenue
[名词]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

收入, 收益

收入, 收益

Ex: The restaurant 's revenue increased during the holiday season .餐厅的**收入**在假期期间增加了。
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fortune
[名词]

a very large sum of money

财富, 财产

财富, 财产

Ex: Despite his vast fortune, he lived a surprisingly modest lifestyle .尽管他拥有巨大的**财富**,但他的生活方式却出人意料地朴素。
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fee
[名词]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

费用, 手续费

费用, 手续费

Ex: There 's an additional fee if you require expedited shipping for your order .如果您需要为您的订单加急运输,则需要支付额外**费用**。
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to deposit
[动词]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

存款, 存入

存款, 存入

Ex: The student deposited the scholarship award in her college tuition account to cover expenses .该学生将奖学金**存入**了她的大学学费账户以支付费用。
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to withdraw
[动词]

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

提取, 取出

提取, 取出

Ex: They planned to withdraw a portion of their savings to start their own business .他们计划**提取**一部分储蓄来开始自己的生意。
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to freeze
[动词]

to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold

冻结, 封锁

冻结, 封锁

Ex: During divorce proceedings , a court may issue an order to freeze joint assets until a settlement can be reached .在离婚诉讼期间,法院可能会发布命令**冻结**共同资产,直到达成和解。
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to overdraw
[动词]

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

透支, 超支

透支, 超支

Ex: He was worried that he might overdraw his account after making a large purchase .他担心在进行了大额购买后可能会**透支**他的账户。
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donation
[名词]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

捐赠, 捐款

捐赠, 捐款

Ex: They appreciated the generous donation from the community .他们感谢社区慷慨的**捐赠**。
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budget
[名词]

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

预算, 财务计划

预算, 财务计划

Ex: The project ran over budget, leading to cuts in other areas .项目超出了**预算**,导致其他领域的削减。
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asset
[名词]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

资产, 宝贵资源

资产, 宝贵资源

Ex: Goodwill , reflecting a company 's reputation and customer loyalty , is considered an asset on its balance sheet .
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broke
[形容词]

having little or no financial resources

破产, 身无分文

破产, 身无分文

Ex: He felt embarrassed admitting to his friends that he was broke and could n't join them for dinner .他感到尴尬地向朋友承认自己**破产了**,不能和他们一起吃晚饭。
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bankruptcy
[名词]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

破产, 倒闭

破产, 倒闭

Ex: The risk of bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened .随着市场状况恶化,**破产**的风险增加了。
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fair trade
[名词]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

公平贸易

公平贸易

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to transfer
[动词]

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

转移, 调动

转移, 调动

Ex: The software developer had to transfer code snippets from one section of the program to another .软件开发人员不得不将代码片段从程序的一个部分**转移**到另一个部分。
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trading
[名词]

the practice of buying and selling goods

贸易,  交易

贸易, 交易

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economy
[名词]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

经济

经济

Ex: The global pandemic caused significant disruptions to the economy, affecting businesses and employment worldwide .全球大流行对**经济**造成了重大破坏,影响了世界各地的企业和就业。
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‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

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stock market
[名词]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

股票市场, 股市

股票市场, 股市

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on the stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations .全球大流行对**股市**产生了深远影响,导致波动性波动。
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share
[名词]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

股份, 股票

股份, 股票

Ex: Selling your shares now would mean missing out on future growth .
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recession
[名词]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

衰退

衰退

Ex: Economists predicted that the recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .经济学家预测,**衰退**将持续几个季度,然后才会出现复苏的迹象。
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invoice
[名词]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

发票, 账单

发票, 账单

Ex: He reviewed the invoice for discrepancies before approving it for payment .
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fundraising
[名词]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

筹款, 募捐

筹款, 募捐

Ex: The university alumni association hosts fundraising events to provide scholarships for students in need.大学校友会举办**筹款**活动,为有需要的学生提供奖学金。
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free trade
[名词]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

自由贸易, 自由貿易

自由贸易, 自由貿易

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .两国之间关于新**自由贸易**协定的谈判因农业关税分歧而陷入僵局。
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free market
[名词]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

自由市场, 市场经济

自由市场, 市场经济

Ex: The deregulation of industries is often a key component of transitioning to a free market economy .行业的放松管制通常是向**自由市场**经济过渡的关键组成部分。
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decline
[名词]

a continuous reduction in something's amount, value, intensity, etc.

下降, 衰退

下降, 衰退

Ex: Measures were introduced to address the decline in biodiversity .采取措施来解决生物多样性的**下降**问题。
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commodity
[名词]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

商品, 原材料

商品, 原材料

Ex: Investors often include commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .投资者经常将**大宗商品**纳入其投资组合中,作为对通货膨胀和市场波动的对冲。
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