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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Economia

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre economie, cum ar fi "credit", "scadent", "randament" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance

to provide funds or an amount of money

finanța, acorda fonduri

finanța, acorda fonduri

Ex: Banks play a crucial role in financing businesses through loans and credit. 
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capital
capital
[substantiv]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

capital, fond

capital, fond

Ex: The company invested capital in new machinery. 
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credit
credit
[substantiv]

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

credit, finanțare

credit, finanțare

Ex: She bought the laptop on credit and will pay in installments. 
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debit
debit
[substantiv]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debit, înregistrare debit

debit, înregistrare debit

Ex: The accountant recorded the purchase as a debit. 
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expense
expense
[substantiv]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

cheltuială,  cost

cheltuială, cost

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
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due
due
[adjectiv]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

scadent, de plată

scadent, de plată

Ex: The rent is due on the first of every month. 
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yield
yield
[substantiv]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

randament, profit

randament, profit

Ex: The bond offered a competitive yield, attracting many investors looking for stable returns. 
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bank statement
bank statement
[substantiv]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

extras de cont, situație bancară

extras de cont, situație bancară

Ex: John reviewed his bank statement to reconcile his records with his monthly expenses. 
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benefit
benefit
[substantiv]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

beneficiu,  concert caritabil

beneficiu, concert caritabil

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to climb
to climb
[verb]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

crește, urca

crește, urca

Ex: With successful marketing strategies, the sales of the product began to climb steadily. 
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to crash
to crash
[verb]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

se prăbuși, se nărui

se prăbuși, se nărui

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 
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collapse
collapse
[substantiv]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

colaps, prăbușire

colaps, prăbușire

Ex: The financial collapse led to widespread panic among investors. 
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debt relief
debt relief
[substantiv]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

scutire de datorii, iertare a datoriei

scutire de datorii, iertare a datoriei

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income
income
[substantiv]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

venit

venit

Ex: His primary source of income is his salary from the tech company where he works. 
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revenue
revenue
[substantiv]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

venituri, încasări

venituri, încasări

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
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fortune
fortune
[substantiv]

a very large sum of money

fortune, avere

fortune, avere

Ex: He inherited a fortune from his grandparents and became one of the wealthiest individuals in the country. 
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fee
fee
[substantiv]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

onorariu, taxă

onorariu, taxă

Ex: The lawyer's fee for handling the case was quite high. 
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to deposit

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

depune, vira

depune, vira

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
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to withdraw

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

retrage, extrage

retrage, extrage

Ex: She visited the ATM to withdraw some cash for groceries. 
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to freeze
to freeze
[verb]

to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold

îngheța, bloca

îngheța, bloca

Ex: The government decided to freeze the assets of the company suspected of money laundering until the investigation was complete. 
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to overdraw

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

depăși soldul, a intra în descoperire

depăși soldul, a intra în descoperire

Ex: He accidentally overdrew his account and had to pay a penalty fee. 
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donation
donation
[substantiv]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

donație, contribuție

donație, contribuție

Ex: She made a donation to the local animal shelter. 
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budget
budget
[substantiv]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

buget, alocare bugetară

buget, alocare bugetară

Ex: The project has a strict budget for equipment. 
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asset
asset
[substantiv]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

activ, resursă valoroasă

activ, resursă valoroasă

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
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broke
broke
[adjectiv]

having little or no financial resources

falit, fără un ban

falit, fără un ban

Ex: I'm broke until payday. 
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bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[substantiv]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

faliment, bankrut

faliment, bankrut

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
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fair trade
fair trade
[substantiv]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

comerț echitabil

comerț echitabil

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to transfer

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

transfera, muta

transfera, muta

Ex: The professor decided to transfer the student to a more advanced class. 
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trading
trading
[substantiv]

the practice of buying and selling goods

comerț,  negustorie

comerț, negustorie

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economy
economy
[substantiv]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

economie

economie

Ex: The country's economy grew rapidly due to investments in technology and infrastructure. 
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supply and demand

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

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stock market
stock market
[substantiv]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

piața de capital, bursă de valori

piața de capital, bursă de valori

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 
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share
share
[substantiv]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

acțiune, parte

acțiune, parte

Ex: She bought 100 shares of the tech startup during its IPO. 
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recession
recession
[substantiv]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recesiune

recesiune

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
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invoice
invoice
[substantiv]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

factură, notă de plată

factură, notă de plată

Ex: The vendor sent an invoice to the client for the goods delivered. 
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fundraising
fundraising
[substantiv]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

strângere de fonduri, fundraising

strângere de fonduri, fundraising

Ex: The nonprofit organization organized a fundraising gala to raise funds for cancer research. 
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free trade
free trade
[substantiv]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

liber schimb, comerț liber

liber schimb, comerț liber

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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free market
free market
[substantiv]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

piață liberă, economie de piață

piață liberă, economie de piață

Ex: In a free market economy, prices are determined by supply and demand rather than government intervention. 
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decline
decline
[substantiv]

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

scădere, declin

scădere, declin

Ex: The company reported a decline in sales this quarter. 
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commodity
commodity
[substantiv]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

marfă, materie primă

marfă, materie primă

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
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