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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Economia

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre economie, cum ar fi "credit", "scadent", "randament" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance

to provide funds or an amount of money

finanța, acorda fonduri

finanța, acorda fonduri

Ex: Investors often finance startups to support their growth and development. 
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capital
capital
[substantiv]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

capital, fond

capital, fond

Ex: They raised capital to expand operations. 
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credit
credit
[substantiv]

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

credit, finanțare

credit, finanțare

Ex: The store extended credit to loyal customers. 
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debit
debit
[substantiv]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debit, înregistrare debit

debit, înregistrare debit

Ex: The accountant recorded the purchase as a debit. 

Contabilul a înregistrat achiziția ca un debit.

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expense
expense
[substantiv]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

cheltuială,  cost

cheltuială, cost

Ex: Unexpected car repairs can often be a significant expense for many people. 
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due
due
[adjectiv]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

scadent, de plată

scadent, de plată

Ex: The rent is due on the first of every month. 

Chiria este datorată în prima zi a fiecărei luni.

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yield
yield
[substantiv]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

randament, profit

randament, profit

Ex: The company's new product line contributed to a significant increase in its overall yield for the quarter. 
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bank statement
bank statement
[substantiv]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

extras de cont, situație bancară

extras de cont, situație bancară

Ex: John reviewed his bank statement to reconcile his records with his monthly expenses. 

John a examinat extrasul de cont bancar pentru a-și reconcilia înregistrările cu cheltuielile lunare.

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benefit
benefit
[substantiv]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

beneficiu,  concert caritabil

beneficiu, concert caritabil

Ex: The theater held a benefit to raise money for the local hospital. 
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to climb
to climb
[verb]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

crește, urca

crește, urca

Ex: With successful marketing strategies, the sales of the product began to climb steadily. 
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to crash
to crash
[verb]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

se prăbuși, se nărui

se prăbuși, se nărui

Ex: The tech industry's bubble burst, causing many companies' shares to crash. 
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collapse
collapse
[substantiv]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

colaps, prăbușire

colaps, prăbușire

Ex: The collapse of the tech bubble in the early 2000s caused massive losses in the stock market. 
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debt relief
debt relief
[substantiv]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

scutire de datorii, iertare a datoriei

scutire de datorii, iertare a datoriei

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income
income
[substantiv]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

venit

venit

Ex: They decided to invest in rental properties to generate a steady stream of passive income. 
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revenue
revenue
[substantiv]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

venituri, încasări

venituri, încasări

Ex: Ticket sales are a major source of revenue for the theater. 
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fortune
fortune
[substantiv]

a very large sum of money

fortune, avere

fortune, avere

Ex: The entrepreneur made a fortune from his successful tech startup. 
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fee
fee
[substantiv]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

onorariu, taxă

onorariu, taxă

Ex: We had to pay a small fee to access the online course. 
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to deposit

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

depune, vira

depune, vira

Ex: The company deposits its daily cash earnings into its business checking account. 
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to withdraw

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

retrage, extrage

retrage, extrage

Ex: He withdrew $100 from his savings account to pay for the concert tickets. 
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to freeze
to freeze
[verb]

to officially prevent money, property, or financial assets from being used, transferred, or sold

îngheța,  bloca

îngheța, bloca

Ex: The court froze the company's bank accounts during the investigation. 
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to overdraw

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

depăși soldul, a intra în descoperire

depăși soldul, a intra în descoperire

Ex: He accidentally overdrew his account and had to pay a penalty fee. 

El a depășit accidental contul său și a trebuit să plătească o penalitate.

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donation
donation
[substantiv]

money, goods, or other things voluntarily given to help a person, organization, or cause

donație,  donaţie

donație, donaţie

Ex: Emma made a generous donation to the local animal shelter. 
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budget
budget
[substantiv]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

buget, alocare bugetară

buget, alocare bugetară

Ex: The team stayed within the budget despite delays. 
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asset
asset
[substantiv]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

activ, resursă valoroasă

activ, resursă valoroasă

Ex: Human capital, such as knowledge, skills, and expertise, is an important asset for organizations seeking competitive advantage. 
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broke
broke
[adjectiv]

having little or no financial resources

lefter, aproape fără bani

lefter, aproape fără bani

Ex: I'm broke until payday. 

Sunt falit până la ziua de plată.

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bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[substantiv]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

faliment, bankrut

faliment, bankrut

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
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fair trade
fair trade
[substantiv]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

comerț echitabil

comerț echitabil

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to transfer

to move someone or something from one place, position, or system to another

transfera

transfera

Ex: The patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. 
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trading
trading
[substantiv]

the buying and selling of securities or commodities

tranzacționare,  comerț

tranzacționare, comerț

Ex: She started trading commodities like oil and wheat after graduating. 
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economy
economy
[substantiv]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

economie

economie

Ex: High inflation rates can negatively impact an economy by reducing purchasing power and increasing costs. 
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supply and demand

the relationship between the availability of a commodity and the desire for it, which determines market prices

Ex: Supply and demand theory explains why housing costs rose sharply last year. 
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stock market
stock market
[substantiv]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

piața de capital, bursă de valori

piața de capital, bursă de valori

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 

Piața de capital a înregistrat astăzi o scădere semnificativă, determinând investitorii să-și facă griji cu privire la portofoliile lor.

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share
share
[substantiv]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

acțiune, parte

acțiune, parte

Ex: Each share in the company gives you one vote at the annual meeting. 
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recession
recession
[substantiv]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recesiune

recesiune

Ex: The government implemented measures to stimulate the economy and help mitigate the effects of the recession. 
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invoice
invoice
[substantiv]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

factură, notă de plată

factură, notă de plată

Ex: The vendor sent an invoice to the client for the goods delivered. 

Furnizorul a trimis o factură clientului pentru mărfurile livrate.

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fundraising
fundraising
[substantiv]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

strângere de fonduri, fundraising

strângere de fonduri, fundraising

Ex: The nonprofit organization organized a fundraising gala to raise funds for cancer research. 

Organizația nonprofit a organizat o gală de strângere de fonduri pentru a strânge fonduri pentru cercetarea cancerului.

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free trade
free trade
[substantiv]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

liber schimb, comerț liber

liber schimb, comerț liber

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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free market
free market
[substantiv]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

piață liberă, economie de piață

piață liberă, economie de piață

Ex: In a free market economy, prices are determined by supply and demand rather than government intervention. 

Într-o economie de piață liberă, prețurile sunt determinate de cerere și ofertă și nu de intervenția guvernului.

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decline
decline
[substantiv]

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

scădere, declin

scădere, declin

Ex: There was a noticeable decline in attendance at the concert. 
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commodity
commodity
[substantiv]

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

mărfuri

mărfuri

Ex: Oil is one of the world's most heavily traded commodities. 
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