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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - The Economy

Here you will learn some English words about the economy, such as "credit", "due", "yield", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance

to provide funds or an amount of money

Ex: Banks play a crucial role in financing businesses through loans and credit. 
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capital
capital
[noun]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

Ex: The company invested capital in new machinery. 
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credit
credit
[noun]

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

Ex: She bought the laptop on credit and will pay in installments. 
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debit
debit
[noun]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

Ex: The accountant recorded the purchase as a debit. 
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expense
expense
[noun]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
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due
due
[Adjective]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

Ex: The rent is due on the first of every month. 
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yield
yield
[noun]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

Ex: The bond offered a competitive yield, attracting many investors looking for stable returns. 
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bank statement

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

Ex: John reviewed his bank statement to reconcile his records with his monthly expenses. 
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benefit
benefit
[noun]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

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to climb
to climb
[Verb]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

Ex: With successful marketing strategies, the sales of the product began to climb steadily. 
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to crash
to crash
[Verb]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 
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collapse
collapse
[noun]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

Ex: The financial collapse led to widespread panic among investors. 
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debt relief

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

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income
income
[noun]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

Ex: His primary source of income is his salary from the tech company where he works. 
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revenue
revenue
[noun]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
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fortune
fortune
[noun]

a very large sum of money

Ex: He inherited a fortune from his grandparents and became one of the wealthiest individuals in the country. 
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fee
fee
[noun]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

Ex: The lawyer's fee for handling the case was quite high. 
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to deposit

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
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to withdraw

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

Ex: She visited the ATM to withdraw some cash for groceries. 
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to freeze
to freeze
[Verb]

to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold

Ex: The government decided to freeze the assets of the company suspected of money laundering until the investigation was complete. 
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to overdraw

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

Ex: He accidentally overdrew his account and had to pay a penalty fee. 
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donation
donation
[noun]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

Ex: She made a donation to the local animal shelter. 
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budget
budget
[noun]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

Ex: The project has a strict budget for equipment. 
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asset
asset
[noun]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
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broke
broke
[Adjective]

having little or no financial resources

Ex: I'm broke until payday. 
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bankruptcy

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

Ex: The company declared bankruptcy after years of financial losses. 
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fair trade

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

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to transfer

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

Ex: The professor decided to transfer the student to a more advanced class. 
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trading
trading
[noun]

the practice of buying and selling goods

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economy
economy
[noun]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

Ex: The country's economy grew rapidly due to investments in technology and infrastructure. 
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supply and demand

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

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stock market

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

Ex: The stock market experienced a significant drop today, causing investors to worry about their portfolios. 
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share
share
[noun]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

Ex: She bought 100 shares of the tech startup during its IPO. 
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recession
recession
[noun]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
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invoice
invoice
[noun]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

Ex: The vendor sent an invoice to the client for the goods delivered. 
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fundraising

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

Ex: The nonprofit organization organized a fundraising gala to raise funds for cancer research. 
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free trade

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

Ex: Many economists argue that free trade agreements promote economic growth by reducing barriers to international commerce. 
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free market

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

Ex: In a free market economy, prices are determined by supply and demand rather than government intervention. 
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decline
decline
[noun]

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

Ex: The company reported a decline in sales this quarter. 
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commodity
commodity
[noun]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

Ex: Oil has long been a highly valued commodity on the global market, influencing economies and politics. 
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