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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Ekonomika

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o ekonomice, jako např. „credit“, „due“, „yield“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance
[sloveso]

to provide funds or an amount of money

financovat, financování

financovat, financování

Ex: Over the years , the government has financed numerous infrastructure projects .
capital
[Podstatné jméno]

money or property owned by a person or company that is used for investment or starting a business

kapitál, finanční prostředky

kapitál, finanční prostředky

Ex: He decided to invest capital in real estate , hoping for high returns .
credit
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to buy something from a shop or receive money from a bank based on trust, without paying for it immediately

úvěr, kredit

úvěr, kredit

debit
[Podstatné jméno]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debet, pohledávka

debet, pohledávka

Ex: The software automatically debits and credits .
expense
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

výdaj, náklad

výdaj, náklad

Ex: Many people use budgeting apps to categorize expenses and identify areas where they can cut back to save money .
due
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

splatný, dlužný

splatný, dlužný

Ex: The next installment for the project funding due in two weeks .
yield
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

výnos, zisk

výnos, zisk

Ex: The stock portfolio showed a yield, generating consistent profits for the shareholders .
bank statement
[Podstatné jméno]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

výpis z účtu, bankovní výpis

výpis z účtu, bankovní výpis

Ex: Online banking allows customers to access and download bank statements electronically for convenience and record-keeping purposes .
benefit
[Podstatné jméno]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

běh na pomoc, charitativní akce

běh na pomoc, charitativní akce

to climb
[sloveso]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

stoupat, vzrůstat

stoupat, vzrůstat

Ex: With the growing demand for online services , internet usage began climb significantly .
to crash
[sloveso]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

spadnout, zhroucení

spadnout, zhroucení

Ex: When the company ’s crashed, many investors faced significant losses .
collapse
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

kolaps, zhroucení

kolaps, zhroucení

Ex: collapse of the housing market left many people unable to sell their homes .
debt relief
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

odpuštění dluhu, únava dluhu

odpuštění dluhu, únava dluhu

income
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

příjem, výdělek

příjem, výdělek

Ex: The couple reviewed their income and expenses to create a more effective budget .
revenue
[Podstatné jméno]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources.

výnos, příjem

výnos, příjem

Ex: The restaurantrevenue increased during the holiday season .
fortune
[Podstatné jméno]

a very large sum of money

jmění, velký majetek

jmění, velký majetek

Ex: Despite his fortune, he lived a surprisingly modest lifestyle .
fee
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

poplatek, odměna

poplatek, odměna

Ex: There 's an fee if you require expedited shipping for your order .
to deposit
[sloveso]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

vložit, deponovat

vložit, deponovat

Ex: The deposited the scholarship award in her college tuition account to cover expenses .
to withdraw
[sloveso]

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

vybrat, vytáhnout

vybrat, vytáhnout

Ex: They planned withdraw a portion of their savings to start their own business .
to freeze
[sloveso]

to legally prevent money, property, or a bank account from being used or sold

zmrazit, zablokovat

zmrazit, zablokovat

Ex: During divorce proceedings , a court may issue an order freeze joint assets until a settlement can be reached .
to overdraw
[sloveso]

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

přečerpat, přečerpání účtu

přečerpat, přečerpání účtu

Ex: He was worried that he overdraw his account after making a large purchase .
donation
[Podstatné jméno]

something that is voluntarily given to someone or an organization to help them, such as money, food, etc.

dar, příspěvek

dar, příspěvek

Ex: They appreciated the donation from the community .
budget
[Podstatné jméno]

the sum of money that is available to a person, an organization, etc. for a particular purpose and the plan according to which it will be spent

rozpočet, finanční plán

rozpočet, finanční plán

Ex: The project budget, leading to cuts in other areas .
asset
[Podstatné jméno]

(usually plural) a property or an item of value that a company owns and can sell to pay its debts

aktiva, majetek

aktiva, majetek

broke
[Přídavné jméno]

having little or no financial resources

chudý, bez peněz

chudý, bez peněz

Ex: He felt embarrassed admitting to his friends that he broke and could n't join them for dinner .
bankruptcy
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bankrot, Úpadek

bankrot, Úpadek

Ex: The risk bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened .
fair trade
[Podstatné jméno]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

férový obchod, spravedlivý obchod

férový obchod, spravedlivý obchod

to transfer
[sloveso]

to make a person or thing move from a place, situation, or person to another

přenést, převedl

přenést, převedl

Ex: The software developer transfer code snippets from one section of the program to another .
trading
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of buying and selling goods

obchodování, trading

obchodování, trading

economy
[Podstatné jméno]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

ekonomika, hospodářství

ekonomika, hospodářství

Ex: The global pandemic caused significant disruptions to economy, affecting businesses and employment worldwide .

‌the relationship between the amount of goods or services that are available and the amount that people want to buy, especially when this controls prices

stock market
[Podstatné jméno]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

akciový trh, burza cenných papírů

akciový trh, burza cenných papírů

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations .
share
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

akcie, podíl

akcie, podíl

recession
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

reese, krize

reese, krize

Ex: Economists predicted that recession would last for several quarters before signs of recovery would emerge .
invoice
[Podstatné jméno]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

faktura, účtenka

faktura, účtenka

Ex: He reviewed invoice for discrepancies before approving it for payment .
fundraising
[Podstatné jméno]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

 fundraising ,  fundraisingová akce

fundraising , fundraisingová akce

Ex: The university alumni association hosts fundraising events to provide scholarships for students in need.
free trade
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

svobodný obchod, volný obchod

svobodný obchod, volný obchod

Ex: Negotiations for a free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs .
free market
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

svobodný trh, volný trh

svobodný trh, volný trh

Ex: The deregulation of industries is often a key component of transitioning to free market economy .
decline
[Podstatné jméno]

a continuous reduction in something's amount, value, intensity, etc.

pokles, úpadek

pokles, úpadek

Ex: Measures were introduced to address decline in biodiversity .
commodity
[Podstatné jméno]

(economics) an unprocessed material that can be traded in different exchanges or marketplaces

komodita, zboží

komodita, zboží

Ex: Investors often commodities in their portfolios as a hedge against inflation and market volatility .
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