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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Ekonomika

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o ekonomii, jako je "úvěr", "splatný", "výnos" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
to finance
to finance
[sloveso]

to provide funds or an amount of money

financovat, poskytnout prostředky

financovat, poskytnout prostředky

Ex: Banks play a crucial role in financing businesses through loans and credit. 
capital
capital
[Podstatné jméno]

assets used to generate more assets, especially in business or production

kapitál, fond

kapitál, fond

Ex: The company invested capital in new machinery. 
credit
credit
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to obtain goods, services, or funds based on trust, allowing payment to be deferred

úvěr, financování

úvěr, financování

Ex: She bought the laptop on credit and will pay in installments. 
debit
debit
[Podstatné jméno]

an entry indicating an increase in assets or an expense, and a decrease in debts or income

debet, debetní zápis

debet, debetní zápis

Ex: The software automatically applies debits and credits. 

Software automaticky uplatňuje debetní položky a kredity.

expense
expense
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of money spent to do or have something

výdaj,  náklady

výdaj, náklady

Ex: Keeping track of your monthly expenses can help you create a realistic budget. 
due
due
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a payment, debt, etc.) scheduled or required to be paid immediately or at a specific time

splatný, k zaplacení

splatný, k zaplacení

Ex: The next installment for the project funding is due in two weeks. 

Další splátka pro financování projektu je splatná za dva týdny.

yield
yield
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of profit gained from an investment or business

výnos, zisk

výnos, zisk

Ex: The bond offered a competitive yield, attracting many investors looking for stable returns. 
bank statement
bank statement
[Podstatné jméno]

a document given by a bank to an account holder, providing a summary of all financial transactions within a specified period

výpis z bankovního účtu, bankovní výpis

výpis z bankovního účtu, bankovní výpis

Ex: Online banking allows customers to access and download their bank statements electronically for convenience and record-keeping purposes. 

Online bankovnictví umožňuje zákazníkům přistupovat a stahovat své bankovní výpisy elektronicky pro pohodlí a účely vedení záznamů.

benefit
benefit
[Podstatné jméno]

the occasions or events like concert or performance that are arranged with the aim of generating funds for those who are in need

prospěch,  benefiční koncert

prospěch, benefiční koncert

Ex: All proceeds from the benefit went to families in need. 
to climb
to climb
[sloveso]

to increase in terms of amount, value, intensity, etc.

stoupat, šplhat

stoupat, šplhat

Ex: Sales began to climb steadily after the new product launch. 
to crash
to crash
[sloveso]

(economics) to lose value suddenly and significantly

zhroutit se, propadnout

zhroutit se, propadnout

Ex: The stock market crashed, wiping out billions in a matter of hours. 
collapse
collapse
[Podstatné jméno]

a sudden decrease in something's value, such as a price or stock

kolaps, zhroucení

kolaps, zhroucení

Ex: The financial collapse led to widespread panic among investors. 
debt relief
debt relief
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of remitting a person or organization's debts

úleva na dluhu, odpuštění dluhu

úleva na dluhu, odpuštění dluhu

income
income
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is regularly earned from a job or through an investment

příjem

příjem

Ex: His primary source of income is his salary from the tech company where he works. 
revenue
revenue
[Podstatné jméno]

the total income generated from business activities or other sources

příjmy, výnosy

příjmy, výnosy

Ex: The company's annual revenue exceeded expectations. 
fortune
fortune
[Podstatné jméno]

a very large sum of money

jmění, bohatství

jmění, bohatství

Ex: He inherited a fortune from his grandparents and became one of the wealthiest individuals in the country. 
fee
fee
[Podstatné jméno]

the money that is paid to a professional or an organization for their services

honorář, poplatek

honorář, poplatek

Ex: The lawyer's fee for handling the case was quite high. 
to deposit
to deposit
[sloveso]

to put an amount of money or other item of value into a bank account

vložit, uložit

vložit, uložit

Ex: She deposited her paycheck into her savings account to start building her nest egg. 
to withdraw
to withdraw
[sloveso]

to take money out of an account, fund, or financial institution

vybrat, stáhnout

vybrat, stáhnout

Ex: She visited the ATM to withdraw some cash for groceries. 
to freeze
to freeze
[sloveso]

to officially prevent money, property, or financial assets from being used, transferred, or sold

zmrazit,  zablokovat

zmrazit, zablokovat

Ex: The bank temporarily froze Daniel's funds while it investigated the transaction. 
to overdraw
to overdraw
[sloveso]

to withdraw more money from a bank account than is available

překročit zůstatek, jít do mínusu

překročit zůstatek, jít do mínusu

Ex: He was worried that he might overdraw his account after making a large purchase. 

Obával se, že by mohl překročit limit svého účtu po provedení velkého nákupu.

donation
donation
[Podstatné jméno]

money, goods, or other things voluntarily given to help a person, organization, or cause

dar,  příspěvek

dar, příspěvek

Ex: Hundreds of donations arrived after the families lost their homes. 
budget
budget
[Podstatné jméno]

a specific amount of money set aside for a particular use

rozpočet, rozpočtová položka

rozpočet, rozpočtová položka

Ex: They increased the budget for maintenance this year. 
asset
asset
[Podstatné jméno]

a valuable resource or quality owned by an individual, organization, or entity, typically with economic value and the potential to provide future benefits

aktivum, cenný zdroj

aktivum, cenný zdroj

Ex: Real estate is considered a valuable asset due to its potential for long-term appreciation and rental income. 
broke
broke
[Přídavné jméno]

having little or no financial resources

bez peněz, téměř úplně na mizině

bez peněz, téměř úplně na mizině

Ex: We're broke this month because of the rent. 

Tento měsíc jsme na mizině kvůli nájmu.

bankruptcy
bankruptcy
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a person or business is unable to pay due debts

bankrot, úpadek

bankrot, úpadek

Ex: The risk of bankruptcy increased as the market conditions worsened. 

Riziko bankrotu se zvýšilo s tím, jak se zhoršovaly tržní podmínky.

fair trade
fair trade
[Podstatné jméno]

trading practices that do not put consumers at a disadvantage

spravedlivý obchod

spravedlivý obchod

to transfer
to transfer
[sloveso]

to move someone or something from one place, position, or system to another

přesunout

přesunout

Ex: She transferred the photos from her phone to her computer. 
trading
trading
[Podstatné jméno]

the buying and selling of securities or commodities

obchodování,  trading

obchodování, trading

Ex: Trading on the stock exchange was halted due to a technical glitch. 
economy
economy
[Podstatné jméno]

the system in which money, goods, and services are produced or distributed within a country or region

ekonomika

ekonomika

Ex: The country's economy grew rapidly due to investments in technology and infrastructure. 
supply and demand

the relationship between the availability of a commodity and the desire for it, which determines market prices

Ex: The price of crude oil is largely driven by supply and demand. 
stock market
stock market
[Podstatné jméno]

the business of trading and exchanging shares of different companies

akciový trh, burza

akciový trh, burza

Ex: The global pandemic had a profound impact on the stock market, leading to volatile fluctuations. 

Globální pandemie měla hluboký dopad na akciový trh, což vedlo k volatilním výkyvům.

share
share
[Podstatné jméno]

any of the equal portions of a company's stock that is available for public to buy and gain benefit

akcie, podíl

akcie, podíl

Ex: She bought 100 shares of the tech startup during its IPO. 
recession
recession
[Podstatné jméno]

a hard time in a country's economy characterized by a reduction in employment, production, and trade

recese

recese

Ex: During the recession, many businesses were forced to close, leading to widespread job losses. 
invoice
invoice
[Podstatné jméno]

a list of goods or services received and their total cost

faktura, účet

faktura, účet

Ex: He reviewed the invoice for discrepancies before approving it for payment. 

Před schválením k platbě zkontroloval fakturu na nesrovnalosti.

fundraising
fundraising
[Podstatné jméno]

the process or provision of financial aid for something such as a charity or cause, usually through holding special events

fundraising, sbírka prostředků

fundraising, sbírka prostředků

Ex: The university alumni association hosts fundraising events to provide scholarships for students in need. 

Asociace absolventů univerzity pořádá fundraisingové akce, aby poskytla stipendia potřebným studentům.

free trade
free trade
[Podstatné jméno]

a system of international trading in which there are no restrictions or taxes on goods bought or sold

volný obchod, svobodný obchod

volný obchod, svobodný obchod

Ex: Negotiations for a new free trade deal between the two countries stalled due to disagreements over agricultural tariffs. 
free market
free market
[Podstatné jméno]

an economic system that is not operated by the government rather by free competition and supply and demand

volný trh, tržní ekonomika

volný trh, tržní ekonomika

Ex: The deregulation of industries is often a key component of transitioning to a free market economy. 

Deregulace průmyslu je často klíčovou součástí přechodu na ekonomiku volného trhu.

decline
decline
[Podstatné jméno]

a change toward a smaller, lower, or reduced state

pokles, snížení

pokles, snížení

Ex: The company reported a decline in sales this quarter. 
commodity
commodity
[Podstatné jméno]

a product or raw material that can be bought and sold, especially in large quantities on financial markets

komodita

komodita

Ex: Investors often buy commodities as protection against inflation. 
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